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Issues:
1. Whether the Bangalore Turf Club Benevolent Fund is an assessable entity under the Income-tax Act, 1961? 2. Whether the amounts received by the Fund from the Bangalore Turf Club constitute its income assessable to tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961? Analysis: Issue 1: The case involved a question regarding the assessability of the Bangalore Turf Club Benevolent Fund (the Fund) under the Income-tax Act, 1961. The Fund was constituted by the Bangalore Turf Club (BTC) to provide relief to trainers, jockeys, apprentices, riding boys, and their dependents. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) treated the contributions made by the BTC as income of the Fund for the assessment years 1968-69 and 1969-70. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner (AAC) confirmed the assessment, but the Tribunal held that the Fund was not an assessable entity as an Association of Persons (AOP) or a Body of Individuals (BOI). The Department contended that the Fund should be assessed as a BOI. However, the Tribunal did not clearly determine the tax liability of the Fund's income. The Department then sought a reference to the High Court under section 256(1) of the Income-tax Act to resolve the legal question. Issue 2: The High Court analyzed the relevant provisions of the Income-tax Act to determine the assessability of the Fund. Section 2(31) defines "person" to include various entities, including an association of persons or a body of individuals. The Court discussed the distinction between an AOP and a BOI, emphasizing that a BOI requires a common purpose among its members to produce income. The Court cited precedents to support the requirement of a common objective for a BOI to exist. The Court rejected the argument that all members of a BOI must come together to produce income, stating that the purpose of including BOI in the Act was to cover distinct entities different from AOPs. The Court examined the rules of the BTC, which mandated that fines and license fees collected were remitted to the Fund and administered by the stewards of the BTC for the benefit of specific individuals. The Court concluded that the stewards held property, received income, and administered the Fund independently, making them subject to taxation as a BOI. The Court also referenced sections 11 and 12 of the Income-tax Act, which allow for taxation of persons receiving voluntary contributions. In conclusion, the High Court held that the Fund was an assessable entity under the Income-tax Act and answered the first part of the legal question in the negative, against the assessee. The Court directed the Tribunal to reconsider the tax liability of the Fund's income in accordance with the law.
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