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Imposition of penalty under section 271(1)(a) for default in filing return of income, Calculation of penalty amount, Interpretation of provisions under section 271(1) and 271(2) of the Income Tax Act. Analysis: The High Court judgment pertains to a case where the Income Tax Officer (ITO) imposed a penalty under section 271(1)(a) of the Income Tax Act for the default in filing the return of income during reassessment proceedings. The original assessment for the year 1967-68 was completed at a total income of Rs. 2,25,990. Subsequently, a notice under section 148 of the Act was issued to the assessee, and the return of income was filed after the allowed extension period. The ITO completed the reassessment at a total income of Rs. 2,74,300 and initiated penalty proceedings. The penalty was imposed on the assessee-firm as unregistered, leading to a dispute regarding the calculation of the penalty amount. The assessee contended that the penalty was excessive as it was imposed incorrectly by treating the firm as unregistered and not deducting the tax paid by the registered firm. The matter was taken to the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal, which held that the penalty should have been calculated based on the tax payable by the assessee as an unregistered firm during reassessment. The Tribunal's decision was challenged, and the High Court was tasked with determining the correctness of the penalty calculation. The court analyzed the provisions of section 271(1)(a) and 271(2) of the Act to interpret the penalty imposition in cases of default in filing returns. It emphasized that the "assessed tax" as defined in the Explanation to the section should be considered for penalty calculation. The court highlighted that even registered firms, if penalized, should be treated as unregistered for penalty purposes, as specified in section 271(2) of the Act. The court emphasized that the Tribunal erred in ignoring the definition of "assessed tax" and other relevant provisions while accepting the appeal of the assessee. In conclusion, the High Court answered the question of law in the negative, favoring the revenue and ruling against the assessee. The court upheld the imposition of the penalty based on the correct interpretation of the provisions under section 271(1) and 271(2) of the Income Tax Act, emphasizing the importance of considering the assessed tax for penalty calculation in cases of default in filing returns.
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