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Issues:
1. Deductibility of annual remuneration paid to directors under the head "Profits and gains of business or profession." 2. Interpretation of Section 40(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 regarding disallowance of excessive or unreasonable remuneration to directors. 3. Assessment of whether the annual remuneration paid to directors was justified by legitimate business needs and benefits derived by the company. Analysis: The judgment by the High Court of Allahabad involved four references concerning the deductibility of annual remuneration paid to directors under the head "Profits and gains of business or profession." The court addressed the interpretation of Section 40(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, which deals with disallowance of excessive or unreasonable remuneration to directors based on legitimate business needs and benefits derived by the company. In the case, the assessees, two companies registered under the Indian Companies Act, claimed deductions for annual remuneration paid to their directors. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) disallowed the claims, finding the payments unjustified and not solely for business purposes. Both the Appellate Tribunal and the AAC upheld the disallowances, leading to the references before the High Court. The court emphasized that any deduction for remuneration paid to directors must be disallowed if deemed excessive or unreasonable by the ITO considering legitimate business needs and benefits to the company. The assessees argued that the directors' responsibilities extended beyond board meetings, justifying the remuneration. However, the revenue contended that the managing director handled the business, and other directors did not provide additional services warranting the remuneration. The Income-tax Appellate Tribunal confirmed the disallowances, stating that without evidence of specific services by directors benefiting the company, the remuneration was not justified. The court cited precedents requiring evidence of duties, services rendered, and benefits to support deductions. As the assessees failed to link remuneration to beneficial activities, the disallowances were upheld under Section 40(c) of the Act. The court rejected arguments citing responsibility sharing as sufficient consideration for remuneration, emphasizing the lack of evidence linking remuneration to beneficial activities. As the remuneration was not tied to company benefits, it was deemed excessive and disallowed. Consequently, the court answered the questions in favor of the department, allowing costs to the Commissioner. In conclusion, the judgment clarified the criteria for deductibility of remuneration paid to directors, highlighting the necessity of evidence linking payments to legitimate business needs and benefits derived by the company. Failure to establish such a connection may result in disallowance under Section 40(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961.
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