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Whether the assessee is eligible for adjustment of losses brought forward from earlier years. Analysis: The judgment concerns a reference under section 256(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, regarding the eligibility of the assessee, a company engaged in coal mining and acting as an agent for coal purchase and sale, to adjust losses brought forward from previous years. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) disallowed the set off of carried forward losses against profits earned as commission, arguing that the assessee had discontinued its coal raising activity, which was considered a different business. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner (AAC) dismissed the company's appeals, but the Tribunal allowed the second appeals, emphasizing that the company had conducted one integrated business involving coal-related activities. The Tribunal referred the question to the High Court, seeking clarification on whether the coal raising and commission agency activities constituted part of one integrated trade or business for setoff purposes under section 72 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The High Court, after considering the Tribunal's findings and relevant precedents, rejected the revenue's argument that the company did not carry on the same business in all relevant years. The Court distinguished a previous case where the assessee had closed its previous business and started a new one, leading to a denial of setoff. In the present case, the Court found that the tests for determining "one and the same business" as laid down by the Supreme Court in various cases were satisfied by the company. The Court cited decisions such as Setabganj Sugar Mills Ltd. v. CIT and others to support its conclusion that the company's coal-related activities constituted an integrated trade or business, allowing for the setoff of losses against profits. Consequently, the Court answered the reference in the affirmative and in favor of the assessee, ruling that the company was eligible for the adjustment of losses brought forward from earlier years against the profits of the relevant years. The judgment underscores the importance of examining the continuity and integration of business activities to determine the eligibility for setoff of losses under the Income Tax Act. By applying established legal principles and considering the specific facts of the case, the High Court clarified that the company's coal raising and commission agency operations formed part of a single integrated business, warranting the allowance of setoff. The decision provides a nuanced interpretation of the concept of "one and the same business" in the context of income tax assessments, emphasizing the need for a holistic assessment of business activities to ascertain eligibility for loss adjustment.
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