1974 (7) TMI 21 - HC - Income Tax

Summary

Issues Involved:
1. Whether the sum of Rs. 1,24,877 paid by the assessee to the Employees' Provident Fund under the Employees' Provident Funds Act, 1952, was an allowable deduction under section 10(2)(xv) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922.

Issue-Wise Detailed Analysis:

1. Allowability of the Provident Fund Contribution:

The primary issue in the case was whether the sum of Rs. 1,24,877 paid by the assessee towards the Employees' Provident Fund could be allowed as a deduction under section 10(2)(xv) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. The assessee, a limited company, had formulated a provident fund scheme for its employees, which was not recognized by the Commissioner of Income-tax until an order dated 28th October 1963, which provided for recognition with retrospective effect from 31st May 1963.

2. Disallowance by the Income-tax Officer:

The Income-tax Officer disallowed the claim on the ground that the contribution was made to an unrecognized provident fund. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner, however, allowed the claim, stating that the Commissioner of Income-tax had directed relief to be given for contributions made in earlier years as well. The Tribunal upheld the Appellate Assistant Commissioner's decision, noting that the department's point was concluded against it by earlier decisions.

3. Tribunal's Observations and Departmental Arguments:

The Tribunal noted that the Income-tax Officer was bound to follow the Commissioner's order recognizing the scheme retrospectively. The departmental representative argued that the deduction could not be claimed until the amount was actually paid to the trustees, and mere book entries did not constitute payment. The Tribunal, however, held that the departmental representative could raise this argument as it was a pure question of law.

4. Legal Provisions and Tribunal's Findings:

The Tribunal was required to determine whether the contribution could be allowed under section 10(2)(xv) read with section 10(4)(c) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. Section 10(4)(c) stipulates that an allowance in respect of the employer's contribution to the provident fund cannot be made unless effective arrangements for tax deduction at source are in place. The Tribunal found that effective arrangements had been made and that the amount was credited to the account of the trustees.

5. Interpretation of Sections 10(2)(xv) and 10(4)(c):

Section 10(2)(xv) allows for the deduction of any expenditure laid out or expended wholly and exclusively for business purposes, excluding capital or personal expenses. The Tribunal found that the contribution towards the provident fund was laid out for business purposes. Section 10(4)(c) prohibits allowance unless tax deduction arrangements are made, which the Tribunal found to be fulfilled in this case.

6. Mercantile System of Accounting:

The Tribunal noted that the assessee maintained its books on a mercantile system, where expenditure is deemed incurred when the liability accrues, not necessarily when payment is made. The liability for the contribution accrued during the relevant accounting year, and the amount was credited to the trustees' account, satisfying the conditions for deduction under section 10(2)(xv).

7. Case Law Considerations:

The Tribunal distinguished the present case from others cited by the revenue, such as Commissioner of Income-tax v. Bombay Burma Trading Corporation Ltd., where the issue was whether interest on contributions was a perquisite. The Tribunal noted that in the present case, the amount was credited to the trustees, who were entitled to receive it, unlike in the cited cases where the amounts were not payable to the employees.

Conclusion:

The Tribunal concluded that the Income-tax Officer was not justified in rejecting the claim on the ground of non-recognition of the provident fund scheme. The liability for the contribution accrued in the relevant year, and the assessee had credited the amount to the trustees. Effective arrangements for tax deduction at source were in place, and the expenditure was laid out for business purposes. Therefore, the assessee was entitled to claim the deduction under section 10(2)(xv).

Judgment:

The question was answered in the affirmative and in favor of the assessee. The assessee was entitled to claim the contribution as an allowable deduction, and the costs of the reference were assessed at Rs. 200.