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Issues Involved:
1. Deductibility of contributions made by the assessee to the provident fund under section 10(2)(xv) for the assessment years 1956-57 and 1957-58. 2. Taxability of interest income from the investments of the provident fund in the hands of the assessee for the assessment years 1956-57 and 1957-58. Detailed Analysis: 1. Deductibility of Contributions to the Provident Fund: The primary issue was whether the sums of Rs. 8,42,378 and Rs. 2,07,838 contributed by the assessee to the provident fund during the assessment years 1956-57 and 1957-58 were admissible deductions under section 10(2)(xv) of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. The Income-tax Officer (ITO) rejected the deductions on the grounds that there had been no actual payment or transfer of funds from the company to the trust, merely book entries. The ITO also relied on section 10(4)(c) which disallows deductions for payments to a provident fund unless effective arrangements for tax deduction at source are made. The Tribunal, however, found that the trust deed dated July 28, 1954, effectively transferred the funds to the trustees, and the provident fund was administered under the trust deed and rules. The Tribunal also noted that the trust's accounts were maintained in the company's books but this did not negate the transfer of ownership to the trustees. The Tribunal further referred to the decision in Mysore Spinning and Manufacturing Co. Ltd. v. CIT, concluding that statutory provisions for tax deduction at source sufficed to meet the requirements of section 10(4)(c). The High Court agreed with the Tribunal, stating that the trust deed created an irrevocable trust and the entries in the company's books, in the context of the trust deed, constituted a liability and payment under section 10(2)(xv). The Court also held that the correspondence between the company and the trustees constituted effective arrangements for tax deduction at source, fulfilling the requirements of section 10(4)(c). 2. Taxability of Interest Income from Provident Fund Investments: The second issue was whether the interest income of Rs. 1,59,245 and Rs. 1,27,925 from the provident fund investments should be excluded from the assessee's total income for the assessment years 1956-57 and 1957-58. The ITO included this interest income in the company's total income, arguing that the funds had not been effectively transferred to the trust. The Tribunal held that since the assets of the trust had been irrevocably vested in the trustees, the income from these assets should be excluded from the assessee's total income. The High Court upheld this view, emphasizing that the trust deed and the rules clearly vested the provident fund's assets in the trustees, making the interest income the income of the trustees and not the assessee. Conclusion: The High Court concluded that the Tribunal was correct in its findings on both issues. The contributions made by the assessee to the provident fund were deductible under section 10(2)(xv), and the interest income from the provident fund investments was not taxable in the hands of the assessee. The questions referred were answered in the affirmative and in favor of the assessee. The Commissioner was ordered to pay the costs of the reference to the assessee, with counsel's fee fixed at Rs. 300.
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