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Issues:
1. Interpretation of Central Excise Notification No. 38/73 regarding exemption from additional/countervailing duty. 2. Barred by limitation under Section 27(1) of the Customs Act, 1962 for filing refund applications. 3. Requirement of payment under protest for claiming refund. 4. Comparison with similar judgments in Pfizer Ltd. v. Union of India & Anr. and Union of India & Anr. v. Kirloskar Pneumatic Co. Ltd. Detailed Analysis: 1. The petitioners imported polyamide chips/polyester chips for manufacturing nylon yarn and paid additional/countervailing duty. They relied on previous judgments interpreting Central Excise Notification No. 38/73 to claim exemption from duty. The petitioners filed refund applications for 45 consignments amounting to Rs. 33,32,744.50, which were rejected as time-barred by the Assistant Collector of Customs, citing Section 27(1) of the Customs Act, 1962. The matter was remanded by CEGAT to consider if duty was paid under protest. 2. The respondents argued that the refund claims seemed time-barred under Section 27(1) of the Customs Act, 1962, due to an erroneous interpretation of the notification. The court noted a similar rejection of contention in a previous case, Pfizer Ltd. v. Union of India & Anr. The Supreme Court's decision in Union of India & Anr. v. Kirloskar Pneumatic Co. Ltd. emphasized adherence to statutory provisions, stating that courts cannot direct authorities to act contrary to law. 3. Considering the time-barred nature of the refund applications and the absence of payment under protest by the petitioners, the court dismissed the petition. It was highlighted that the power of courts under Article 226/227 of the Constitution is to ensure adherence to the law, not to direct actions against legal provisions. The petition was ultimately dismissed, and the Rule was discharged.
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