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Issues Involved:
1. Clubbing of income of the spouse under section 64(1)(ii) of the Income-tax Act. 2. Applicability of section 64(1)(ii) considering the spouse's qualifications and experience. Detailed Analysis: Clubbing of Income of the Spouse under Section 64(1)(ii): The primary issue in the appeal was whether the income of the appellant's spouse, who was a partner in a firm, should be included in the appellant's income under section 64(1)(ii) of the Income-tax Act. The Assessing Officer had included the spouse's income, which was confirmed by the CIT(A), leading to the present appeal by the appellant. The learned counsel for the appellant argued that the salary received by a partner is essentially a mode of sharing profits and not remuneration. He relied on the Supreme Court's decision in CIT v. R.M. Chidambaram Pillai, which held that a partner's salary is part of the firm's profit. The counsel also cited the Madras High Court's decision in Sivasankari Chandrasekaram and Brinda Jayaraman v. CIT, which supported the non-applicability of section 64(1)(ii) in such cases. The contention was that since the spouse was a working partner and the remuneration was allowable under section 40(b), section 64(1)(ii) should not apply. The Departmental Representative countered that the legislative intent behind section 64(1)(ii) was clear and that all conditions for its applicability were met in this case. The CIT(A) had elaborated on this point, holding that the appellant's arguments were untenable and that section 64(1)(ii) was indeed applicable. The Departmental Representative also referenced the Gauhati High Court's decision in CIT v. Smt. Pratima Saha to support this view. Applicability of Section 64(1)(ii) Considering the Spouse's Qualifications and Experience: The Tribunal traced the history of section 64 and noted its intent to prevent tax evasion through income diversion to spouses. It was observed that under the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922, the salary received by a partner was considered a share of profit and included in the partner's income. The Tribunal referenced several cases, including S. Magnus v. CIT and the Madras High Court's decision in Sivasankari Chandrasekaram, which supported the view that a partner's salary is part of the firm's profits and should be treated as such for tax purposes. The Tribunal noted that the salary payment by a firm to its partners is a profit-sharing arrangement, with no employer-employee relationship existing between the firm and its partners. This view was supported by the Supreme Court's decision in R.M. Chidambaram Pillai, which stated that a partner's salary is essentially a share of the firm's profits. Examination of the Proviso to Section 64(1)(ii): The Tribunal also examined whether the proviso to section 64(1)(ii) applied, which exempts income arising to a spouse possessing technical or professional qualifications solely attributable to such knowledge and experience. It was argued that the spouse, being a graduate and regularly attending to the firm's affairs, possessed the necessary qualifications to be considered a working partner. The Tribunal held that no special technical or professional qualification was necessary for the spouse to be a working partner in the firm. The Tribunal concluded that the spouse's income was not salary or remuneration but a share of the firm's profits. Since section 64(1)(i) had been deleted, such income could not be clubbed with the appellant's income. Additionally, the Tribunal found that the proviso to section 64(1)(ii) was applicable, as the spouse's income was solely attributable to her knowledge and experience. Conclusion: The Tribunal allowed the appeals of the assessee, holding that the inclusion of the spouse's income under section 64(1)(ii) was not warranted. The cross-objections by the revenue were dismissed.
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