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Issues:
1. Determination of the residential status of the assessee for the assessment year 1978-79 based on the provisions of section 6(1)(b) of the Income Tax Act. Detailed Analysis: The appeal before the Appellate Tribunal ITAT Bombay-C pertained to the assessment year 1978-79 and involved the residential status of the assessee. The assessee's husband owned a flat in Bombay, which was the permanent dwelling place for the couple. During the relevant year, the husband had to stay in Japan for employment reasons, and the assessee subsequently joined him there. The flat in Bombay was locked during their stay in Japan, and upon their return to India, they resumed residing in the same flat. The key issue was whether the assessee should be considered a resident and ordinarily resident or a non-resident for the year under consideration, as per the provisions of section 6(1)(b) of the Income Tax Act. The Income-tax Officer determined that the assessee had maintained a dwelling place in India for more than 182 days and had been in India for more than thirty days, thereby concluding that the assessee's status was that of a resident. The Commissioner of Income-tax (A) upheld this view, leading to the appeal before the Tribunal. The main contention raised by the assessee's counsel was that while one condition of section 6(1)(b) was satisfied regarding the number of days spent in India, the other condition related to maintaining a dwelling place was not fulfilled. The argument was centered around whether the flat in Bombay, owned by the husband and locked during their stay in Japan, could be considered a dwelling place maintained by the assessee. The Tribunal analyzed the concept of a "dwelling place" and emphasized that ownership of the property was not crucial; rather, the right of the assessee to reside in the accommodation was significant. It was established that the flat in Bombay was the couple's home, abode, or dwelling place, and it was intended for their use. Despite legal ownership resting with the husband, the Tribunal held that the assessee, as the wife, had the legal right to reside in the flat without permission, making it their maintained dwelling place. The Tribunal rejected the argument that surrendering the ration card affected this conclusion, stating that it was a procedural requirement and did not alter the essence of the dwelling place. The Tribunal distinguished various case laws cited by both parties to support their arguments. It highlighted that the flat in Bombay constituted an organized household and was used as a residence before and after the temporary stay in Japan. The Tribunal found that the decisions cited by the assessee did not align with the circumstances of the case, emphasizing the unique nature of the couple's residence in the flat. Ultimately, the Tribunal concluded that the assessee had maintained or caused to be maintained a dwelling place in India for more than 182 days in the relevant year, affirming the orders of the lower authorities and dismissing the appeal.
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