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Issues Involved:
1. Exemption of allowances under section 10(14)(i) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. 2. Extent of exemption in the absence of actual evidence of expenditure. Detailed Analysis: 1. Exemption of allowances under section 10(14)(i) of the Income-tax Act, 1961: The primary issue for adjudication was whether the allowances received by the assessee, a commercial pilot, while abroad in connection with flying duties, are exempt under section 10(14)(i) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The assessee claimed a deduction of Rs. 3,82,184 under section 10(14), which was not considered by the employer at the time of deducting tax at source. The Assessing Officer (AO) restricted the exemption to Rs. 30,000 based on section 10(14)(ii) and relevant notifications, while the CIT(A) held that allowances for international flights fall under section 10(14)(i) and are exempt to the extent actually incurred. The Tribunal noted that the revenue had previously accepted that allowances for international flights are covered under section 10(14)(i), as evidenced by revision orders under section 264 and administrative instructions. The Tribunal highlighted that the revenue cannot take contradictory stands in different cases on identical issues, referencing the Supreme Court's rulings in Union of India v. Kaumudini Narayan Dalal and Berger Paints India Ltd. v. CIT. The Tribunal further clarified that section 10(14)(i) and section 10(14)(ii) operate in mutually exclusive fields. Section 10(14)(i) applies to allowances granted to meet expenses wholly, necessarily, and exclusively incurred in connection with duties of an office, while section 10(14)(ii) pertains to allowances for personal expenses or increased cost of living at the place of duty or residence. The Tribunal concluded that allowances for domestic and international flights are eligible for exemption under section 10(14)(i) as they are granted to meet ordinary daily charges on account of absence from the normal place of duty. 2. Extent of exemption in the absence of actual evidence of expenditure: The CIT(A) had allowed exemption to the extent of 50% of the allowances or Rs. 50,000, whichever is less, due to the absence of actual evidence of expenditure. The Tribunal found this approach arbitrary and lacking rationale. It referred to a previous Tribunal decision in Madanlal Mohanlal Narang v. Asstt. CIT, which emphasized that unless the quantum of allowances is found to be excessive or unreasonable, the revenue cannot call for actual expenditure evidence. The Tribunal accepted the assessee's contention that the allowances granted were reasonable and not disproportionately high compared to the salary and nature of duties. It referenced a Government of India circular prescribing daily allowances for government servants traveling abroad, which ranged between US $50 to US $75 per day. The Tribunal directed the AO to grant exemption under section 10(14)(i) by adopting these daily rates as the maximum permissible rate without requiring evidence of actual expenditure, provided the allowances received do not exceed these rates. For domestic flights, the Tribunal accepted the assessee's claim of Rs. 600 per day as reasonable and directed the AO to grant exemption accordingly, subject to the actual allowance received. Conclusion: The Tribunal upheld the assessee's contention that allowances for both domestic and international flights are exempt under section 10(14)(i) and directed the AO to grant exemption based on the prescribed daily rates without requiring actual expenditure evidence, provided the allowances received do not exceed these rates. The revenue's appeal was dismissed, and the assessee's cross-objections were allowed.
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