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Issues Involved:
1. Inclusion of freight charges in the value of closing stock. 2. Addition of Modvat credit to the value of closing stock. 3. Deduction of bad debts written off. 4. Nature of expenditure on infrastructure facilities as capital or revenue. 5. Nature of expenditure on extension of treated effluent discharge pipeline as capital or revenue. 6. Treatment of expenditure on advertisement films as capital or revenue. Detailed Analysis: 1. Inclusion of Freight Charges in the Value of Closing Stock: The assessee contended that the regular system of accounting did not include outward freight in the valuation of closing stock, which was accepted in the past. The AO added outward freight to the value of closing stock, confirmed by the CIT(A). The Tribunal held that Section 145A mandates adjustments for tax, duty, cess, or fee but does not require adding outward freight to the valuation of closing stock. The Tribunal deleted the addition of Rs. 35,61,395, making ground No. 2 infructuous. Similarly, for the asst. yr. 1998-99, the addition of Rs. 24,63,743 was deleted. 2. Addition of Modvat Credit to the Value of Closing Stock: The assessee argued that Modvat credit should not be added to the closing stock. The Tribunal noted that the issue was covered in favor of the assessee by the decision in CIT vs. Indo Nippon Chemicals Co. Ltd. However, the Tribunal had to consider Section 145A, which was applicable from the asst. yr. 1999-2000. The Tribunal directed the AO to make adjustments in accordance with Section 145A, including adjustments to the opening stock, purchases, sales, and closing stock. The ground was allowed for statistical purposes. 3. Deduction of Bad Debts Written Off: The assessee claimed a deduction for bad debts, which the AO disallowed, stating the debts were recoverable from government agencies. The Tribunal referred to the amendment in Section 36(1)(vii), which does not require establishing that the debt became bad in the year of the claim, only that it was written off in the books. The Tribunal restored the issue to the AO to verify if the debt was taken into account in computing income of the current or earlier years under Section 36(2). The ground was allowed for statistical purposes. 4. Nature of Expenditure on Infrastructure Facilities: The assessee claimed a deduction for a lump sum payment of Rs. 5,70,42,000 for infrastructure facilities, which the AO and CIT(A) treated as capital expenditure. The Tribunal analyzed the nature of the expenditure, considering the agreement and the enduring benefit. The Tribunal held that the lump sum payment for the right to use infrastructure facilities was capital expenditure, enhancing the value of the leasehold land. The ground of appeal was dismissed. 5. Nature of Expenditure on Extension of Treated Effluent Discharge Pipeline: The assessee shared 25% of the cost for extending the pipeline, which the AO treated as capital expenditure. The Tribunal referred to the Supreme Court decision in CIT vs. Associated Cement Companies Ltd., which allowed deduction if the asset was not owned by the assessee. The Tribunal remitted the issue to the AO to verify the ownership of the pipeline. If the assessee was not the owner, the expenditure would be allowed as revenue; otherwise, it would be treated as capital with depreciation allowed. The ground was allowed for statistical purposes. 6. Treatment of Expenditure on Advertisement Films: The assessee claimed expenditure on advertisement films as revenue, which the AO treated as capital. The Tribunal referred to the decision in Dy. CIT vs. Metro Shoes (P) Ltd., which held that advertisement films do not create a capital asset or enduring benefit. The Tribunal deleted the disallowance, allowing the ground of appeal. Conclusion: The appeals for the asst. yrs. 1998-99 and 1999-2000 were partly allowed for statistical purposes, with detailed directions provided for each issue.
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