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Issues Involved:
1. Disallowance of PF and ESI contributions under Section 43B of the IT Act. 2. Validity of reassessment proceedings initiated under Section 147 of the IT Act. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Disallowance of PF and ESI Contributions under Section 43B of the IT Act: The main issue in this appeal concerns the disallowance of certain amounts under Section 43B of the IT Act, specifically: - Rs. 12,47,552 as PF contribution. - Rs. 5,61,170 as PF contribution (pension scheme). - Rs. 5,14,124 as ESI contribution. All these payments pertained to March 1996 but were paid before the due date for furnishing the return of income for the year. The assessee argued that these disallowances are unsustainable in light of amendments introduced by the Finance Act, 2003, which should be treated as having retrospective effect, as per the principles laid down by the Supreme Court in Allied Motors (P) Ltd. vs. CIT. The AO initiated reassessment proceedings under Section 147 on the grounds that the payments were not made within the due date or grace period as specified under the respective PF Act and ESI Act, making them disallowable by virtue of the second proviso to Section 43B. However, the second proviso to Section 43B was omitted by the Finance Act, 2003, w.e.f. 1st April 2004. The first proviso to Section 43B, before the amendment, provided that sums paid on or before the due date for furnishing the return of income would not be disallowed. This proviso, as amended, now includes sums payable by the employer to provident funds and other employee welfare funds. The Tribunal noted that the amendment made by the Finance Act, 2003, is retrospective in nature, designed to eliminate unintended consequences causing undue hardship to the assessee. This view is supported by the Tribunal's decisions in Haffkine Ajintha Pharmaceuticals Ltd. vs. Jt. CIT and Jt. CIT vs. Devidayal (Sales) (P) Ltd., which held that the amendment should be applied retrospectively to all pending cases. In light of these discussions and following the decisions of co-ordinate benches, the Tribunal concluded that the amendment brought by the Finance Act, 2003, should be treated as retrospective. Consequently, any sum payable by the assessee as an employer to provident funds or other welfare funds should not be disallowed if paid on or before the due date for furnishing the return of income. The Tribunal directed the AO to allow the assessee's claim, thus deciding the issue in favor of the assessee. 2. Validity of Reassessment Proceedings Initiated under Section 147 of the IT Act: The assessee also challenged the reopening of the assessment under Section 147, contending that it was based on a change of opinion on the same set of facts and materials. The original assessment was completed under Section 143(3), with no disallowance made for PF and ESI contributions. The AO initiated reassessment proceedings under Section 147 based on the same tax audit report submitted with the return of income. Initially, the AO had attempted to disallow the payments under Section 154, but these proceedings were struck down by the CIT(A) and subsequently held to be without jurisdiction by the Calcutta High Court. The Tribunal observed that the AO initiated proceedings under Section 147 on the same set of facts by reviewing his earlier order and changing his opinion. It is well settled that reassessment proceedings cannot be initiated merely on a change of opinion. Therefore, the proceedings under Section 147 were found to be without jurisdiction and invalid. Consequently, the additions made by the AO on account of PF and ESI contributions were also without merit. Conclusion: The Tribunal allowed the appeal filed by the assessee, setting aside the orders of the authorities below and directing the AO to allow the assessee's claims. The reassessment proceedings initiated under Section 147 were also deemed invalid, rendering the additions made by the AO unsustainable.
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