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Issues:
1. Whether the revenue is obligated to refund advance tax paid by the assessee after filing a return beyond the prescribed time limit. 2. Whether the Income-tax Officer (ITO) is required to complete the assessment and issue a refund when the return is filed in response to a notice under section 148. 3. Whether the appeal against the order of the AAC granting a refund of advance tax is maintainable. Analysis: 1. The appeal before the Appellate Tribunal concerned the revenue's challenge against the order of the AAC granting a refund of advance tax paid by the assessee. The assessee, a firm, had paid advance tax for the assessment year 1980-81 but filed the return after the prescribed time limit. The ITO considered the return as superfluous due to the delay. However, the AAC held that the ITO should complete the assessment and issue a refund if applicable, emphasizing that the revenue cannot retain advance tax without legal authority. The Tribunal noted that the revenue's claim to retain the advance tax without legal basis was unjustified, citing the principle that tax should not be collected without authority of law. The Tribunal highlighted the administrative instructions to assist taxpayers in claiming refunds, emphasizing that the revenue should not take advantage of an assessee's ignorance regarding their rights. Ultimately, the Tribunal upheld the AAC's order to entertain the belated application for refund and return the amount not lawfully assessable as tax. 2. The Tribunal considered the contention raised by the revenue that the ITO was not obligated to complete the assessment after issuing a notice under section 148 if no income had escaped assessment. The revenue relied on previous decisions to argue that section 148 was for the benefit of the revenue, not the assessee. However, the Tribunal observed that in this case, the income returned by the assessee was below the taxable limit, and there was no escapement of income chargeable to tax. While acknowledging that the assessment could not be directed under section 148, the Tribunal emphasized that the revenue cannot retain advance tax without legal authority. The Tribunal noted that the proper course for the assessee would have been to file an application for refund within the prescribed time, but considering the circumstances and administrative instructions, the AAC's order to entertain the refund application was upheld. 3. The issue of the maintainability of the appeal against the AAC's order granting a refund was also addressed. The revenue argued that the appeal was not maintainable as no order was passed by the ITO, who only considered the return as superfluous. However, the Tribunal held that the AAC's order directing the ITO to complete the assessment and issue a refund was just on merits and aligned with the administrative instructions to assist taxpayers in claiming refunds. The Tribunal declined to interfere with the AAC's order, emphasizing that technical grounds should not overturn a just decision that does not lead to a miscarriage of justice. As a result, the appeal by the revenue was dismissed.
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