2025 (2) TMI 124 - AT - Income Tax

Addition u/s 68 - unexplained credit - AR has submitted no cash / cheque consideration was received by the assessee on issue of shares as it is case of swapping / exchange of shares - HELD THAT -There appears to be no error in the findings of the ld CIT(A) as admittedly no credit entry of cash has been made in the relevant Assessment Year. AO seems to have not at all cared to examine the nature of transaction of the assessee and concluded that assessee has received money. Admittedly during the relevant year no cash was actually infused in the fund flow of company. There was mere dressing of capital and investments by swapping of shares for the investments of other companies received as consideration in lieu of the shares issues at premium. Which though may be effecting the value of liquid assets held by assessee at the end of year and increase in capital but same cannot be equated with cash credits and sum permitted to be taxed as deemed income u/s 68. Since no cash was involved in transaction of said allotment of shares conversion of these liabilities into share capital and share premium could not be treated as unexplained cash credits u/s 68 of the IT Act. Even if the allegation is of sham companies being operated by the assessee to channelize its unaccounted money into books of the assessee then for the year under consideration as observed above no funds were actually received. The premium shown to be charged is not received as a sum credited in the books of account so as to be ultimately used during the year. If the case of the AO is accepted then also at the time of liquidation of the investments received as consideration of the share capital and share premium could be examined when actually received which was not the case of the Department so far. Decided in favour of assessee.

ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED

The core legal issues considered in this judgment are:

Whether the addition of Rs. 4.99 crore under Section 68 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, as unexplained credit, was justified when the shares were issued for consideration other than cash.
Whether the equity shares issued at a premium were justified given the company's lack of business activity since incorporation.
Whether the identity, creditworthiness, and genuineness of the subscribers to the share premium were adequately examined and established.

ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS

1. Applicability of Section 68 of the Income Tax Act

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 68 of the Income Tax Act deals with unexplained cash credits. The provision is invoked when there is a "sum" credited in the account books that the assessee cannot satisfactorily explain. The Court referenced several precedents, including decisions from the ITAT and High Courts, which established that Section 68 is applicable only when cash is involved in the transaction.
Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Court interpreted that Section 68 is not applicable since the transaction involved no cash inflow. The shares were issued in exchange for shares of other companies, which does not constitute a cash credit.
Key Evidence and Findings: The Court found that the assessee provided substantial evidence, including audited financial statements, confirmations from subscribers, and notices under Section 133(6) that were duly replied to. The AO did not present evidence to contradict these submissions.
Application of Law to Facts: The Court applied the legal principle that Section 68 requires a cash transaction. Since no cash was involved, the addition under this section was not justified.
Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Revenue argued that the transactions were sham and the companies were conduits for unaccounted money. However, the Court found no evidence of cash transactions or any defects in the documentation provided by the assessee.
Conclusions: The Court concluded that Section 68 was inapplicable as there was no cash credit involved, and the addition of Rs. 4.99 crore was unjustified.

2. Justification of Share Premium

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: The legal framework requires that the genuineness of share premium transactions be established with adequate evidence of the identity and creditworthiness of the investors.
Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Court reasoned that the premium charged on shares does not require cash inflow and can be justified if the identity and creditworthiness of the investors are established.
Key Evidence and Findings: The assessee provided evidence of the financial capacity of the investor companies, including their net worth and financial statements, which were not rebutted by the AO.
Application of Law to Facts: The Court applied the principle that the genuineness of transactions and the capacity of investors must be demonstrated. The evidence provided by the assessee was found sufficient to establish these factors.
Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Revenue's argument that the premium was unjustified due to lack of business activity was dismissed as the Court found no evidence of sham transactions.
Conclusions: The Court concluded that the share premium was justified as the assessee had adequately demonstrated the identity and creditworthiness of the investors.

SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGS

Core Principles Established: The judgment reinforced that Section 68 of the Income Tax Act applies only to cash credits and not to transactions involving non-cash considerations. The identity, creditworthiness, and genuineness of transactions must be established with substantial evidence.
Final Determinations on Each Issue: The Court upheld the decision of the CIT(A) to delete the addition of Rs. 4.99 crore under Section 68, finding no merit in the Revenue's appeal. The Court found that the share premium was justified based on the evidence provided by the assessee.

The appeal by the Revenue was dismissed, with the Court finding no error in the CIT(A)'s decision and reasoning regarding the non-applicability of Section 68 and the genuineness of the share premium transactions.

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