1977 (8) TMI 124 - HC - Companies Law

Summary

Issues Involved:
1. Entitlement of the assessee to the credit of tax deducted at source from the gross dividend.
2. Definition and interpretation of "shareholder" and "member" under the Companies Act and the Income Tax Act.
3. Applicability of section 199 and section 237 of the Income Tax Act to the holder of share warrants.

Issue-wise Detailed Analysis:

1. Entitlement of the Assessee to the Credit of Tax Deducted at Source from the Gross Dividend:
The primary question referred to the court was whether the assessee was entitled to the credit of Rs. 1,350 tax deducted at source from a gross dividend of Rs. 4,500. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) had refused to give credit for the tax deducted at source, arguing that the assessee was not registered in the company's books as the owner of the shares and hence could not be treated as a shareholder under section 199 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner (AAC) and the Tribunal, however, disagreed with the ITO, holding that the assessee, as the holder of share warrants, was entitled to the credit for the tax deducted at source.

2. Definition and Interpretation of "Shareholder" and "Member" under the Companies Act and the Income Tax Act:
The court examined the definitions and interpretations of "shareholder" and "member" under the Companies Act and the Income Tax Act. The Companies Act defines "member" in section 2(27) as excluding the bearer of a share warrant. However, sections 114 and 115 of the Companies Act, along with the company's articles of association, provide that the bearer of a share warrant is entitled to the shares specified in the warrant and can transfer the shares by delivery of the warrant. The court noted that the bearer of a share warrant, under the relevant provisions, is entitled to receive dividends and is treated as a member for most purposes, except those specifically excluded.

3. Applicability of Section 199 and Section 237 of the Income Tax Act to the Holder of Share Warrants:
The court considered whether the assessee, as the holder of share warrants, could be regarded as a shareholder under section 199 of the Income Tax Act. It was argued that the term "shareholder" in section 199 does not necessarily mean a registered shareholder. The court held that the assessee, as the holder of share warrants, owned shares in the company and was entitled to dividends, thereby qualifying for the credit of tax deducted at source under section 199. Additionally, the court considered the alternative argument under section 237, which allows for a refund of excess tax paid. The court concluded that even if the assessee was not regarded as a shareholder under section 199, she would still be entitled to a refund under section 237, as the tax deducted at source exceeded her tax liability.

Conclusion:
The court answered the referred question in the affirmative, holding that the assessee was entitled to the credit of the tax deducted at source from the gross dividend. The judgment emphasized that the holder of share warrants is entitled to be treated as a shareholder for the purpose of section 199 of the Income Tax Act, and alternatively, is entitled to a refund of excess tax under section 237. The decision was in favor of the assessee, and no order as to costs was made as the assessee was not charged by her legal advisers.