2025 (4) TMI 625 - HC - GST

Seizure of goods - initiation of proceedings under Section 129 of the Act - evasion of tax - goods in question were being transported without any invoice / bilty and E-way Bill - HELD THAT - The record shows that the goods were intercepted on the ground that same were being transported without having necessary documents however before the seizure as well as penalty order could be passed all the required documents were produced. The records shows that the compactor machine was transported from head office at Rajasthan to work place at Uttar Pradesh for completion of work. The delivery challan and e-way bill were not produced at the time of interception but along with the notice the same were produced in which no other discrepancy was pointed out. The delivery challan itself shows that goods were transferred from head office Rajasthan to its work place at Uttar Pradesh. Further there is no element of sale involved in the present transaction hence no tax evasion can be attributed. The record further reveals that the goods were sent from one unit to another unit and there is no provision under the Act for charging any tax in such transaction. The respondent authority has utterly failed to prove any intent of tax evasion in the present case. This Court in Shyam Sel Power Limited 2023 (10) TMI 218 - ALLAHABAD HIGH COURT has held that As notices hereinabove on the facts of this case it has precisely been found that there was no intent on the part of the writ petitioners to evade tax and rather the goods in question could not be taken to the destination within time for the reasons beyond the control of the writ petitioners. Conclusion - The absence of intent to evade tax invalidates proceedings under Section 129 of the CGST Act. Stock transfers between branches without sale do not attract GST. Petition allowed.

ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED

The core legal questions considered in this judgment include:

Whether the transfer of the compactor machine from the petitioner's head office in Rajasthan to its branch in Uttar Pradesh constitutes a sale under GST laws.
Whether the interception and subsequent seizure of the goods for lack of an invoice, bilty, and E-way bill were justified under the provisions of the CGST Act.
Whether the initiation of proceedings under Section 129 of the CGST Act was appropriate given the facts of the case.
Whether there was any intent of tax evasion in the transaction.
Whether the petitioner is entitled to a refund of the penalty imposed.

ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS

Transfer of Goods and GST Implications

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: The CGST Act requires documentation such as invoices and E-way bills for the transportation of goods. Section 129 deals with the detention and seizure of goods for non-compliance.
Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Court noted that the transfer of the compactor machine was between branches of the same company and did not constitute a sale. The delivery challan indicated a stock transfer for internal use, not a commercial sale.
Key Evidence and Findings: The petitioner produced the necessary documents after the interception, showing the transfer was for internal use. No discrepancies were found in these documents.
Application of Law to Facts: The Court applied the principles from previous judgments, such as M/s Vacmet India Ltd. and Shyam Sel & Power Limited, to determine that no tax was due since there was no sale.
Treatment of Competing Arguments: The respondent's argument that the lack of initial documentation justified the seizure was dismissed due to the subsequent production of valid documents and the lack of intent to evade tax.
Conclusions: The Court concluded that the proceedings under Section 129 were inappropriate as there was no sale or tax evasion.

Appropriateness of Section 129 Proceedings

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 129 of the CGST Act requires intent to evade tax for the detention and seizure of goods. Section 130 provides for confiscation when intent is established.
Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Court emphasized that intent to evade tax is a prerequisite for proceedings under Sections 129 and 130. The absence of such intent in this case rendered the proceedings invalid.
Key Evidence and Findings: The lack of any evidence or observation of intent to evade tax by the petitioner was crucial.
Application of Law to Facts: The Court referenced the judgment in M/s Satyam Shivam Papers Private Limited, which established that the absence of intent nullifies the grounds for invoking Section 129.
Treatment of Competing Arguments: The respondent's reliance on procedural non-compliance was insufficient to justify the proceedings without evidence of intent to evade tax.
Conclusions: The Court determined that the proceedings under Section 129 were unwarranted and should have been initiated under Section 122, if at all, for minor breaches.

Entitlement to Refund

Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: The refund of penalties is contingent upon the quashing of the impugned orders.
Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Court held that since the orders were quashed, the penalty paid should be refunded.
Key Evidence and Findings: The Court's decision to quash the orders directly influenced the refund entitlement.
Application of Law to Facts: The Court applied the principle of restitution, entitling the petitioner to a refund with interest.
Conclusions: The petitioner is entitled to a refund of the penalty with interest if not refunded within a month.

SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGS

Preserve Verbatim Quotes of Crucial Legal Reasoning: "The legislation makes intent to evade tax a sine qua non for initiation of the proceedings under sections 129 and 130 of the CGST Act."
Core Principles Established: The absence of intent to evade tax invalidates proceedings under Section 129 of the CGST Act. Stock transfers between branches without sale do not attract GST.
Final Determinations on Each Issue: The Court quashed the impugned orders, allowed the writ petitions, and ordered the refund of penalties with interest if not refunded promptly.