TMI Tax Updates - e-Newsletter
May 15, 2012
Case Laws in this Newsletter:
Income Tax
Customs
Corporate Laws
FEMA
Central Excise
CST, VAT & Sales Tax
Articles
By: CSSwati Rawat
Summary: Amendments to the Finance Bill 2012 include several tax-related changes. The concessional capital gains tax rate of 10% is extended to all nonresidents for unlisted securities, without inflation adjustments. Securities Transaction Tax of 0.2% applies to unlisted shares sold in an IPO, exempting long-term gains from tax. Provisions allow tax-neutral conversion of foreign bank branches to Indian subsidiaries. Residents with foreign assets must file tax returns, excluding those not ordinarily resident. Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) exemptions apply to life insurance businesses retroactively. Withholding tax changes include a 5% rate on external borrowings and adjustments to tax collection on jewelry sales. A new deduction for equity investment by new retail investors is introduced, and certain venture capital tax exemptions are reinstated.
By: DR.MARIAPPAN GOVINDARAJAN
Summary: Under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, the appointment of a substitute arbitrator following the resignation of the original arbitrator cannot be appealed. Sections 13, 14, and 15 outline conditions under which an arbitrator's mandate may end, necessitating a replacement. In a relevant case, an appellant challenged the appointment of a new arbitrator after alleging bias against the original one. The court ruled that such appointments are not appealable under Section 37, which limits appeals to specific orders. Consequently, the court dismissed the appeal, reinforcing that orders appointing new arbitrators are final and not subject to appeal.
By: Dr. Sanjiv Agarwal
Summary: Compounding in service tax is a compromise between an offender and the authority to avoid criminal proceedings, involving payment or consideration in exchange for non-prosecution. It is a discretionary process, not a right, and once an offence is compounded, prosecution or penalty cannot be pursued for the same offence. Compounding orders are final and cannot be appealed or reopened. The Central Government can establish rules for compounding procedures, and typically, offenders are given an opportunity to compound before prosecution begins. Under Section 320 of the Criminal Procedure Code, compounding leads to the acquittal of the offender.
News
Summary: There is no shortage of Chartered Accountants in India to address global challenges, with 1,93,500 Chartered Accountants registered with the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI) as of May 1, 2012. The ICAI, headquartered in New Delhi, is the sole institution responsible for the education system of Chartered Accountants in the country. This information was provided by the Minister of State in the Ministry of Corporate Affairs in response to a written question in the Rajya Sabha.
Summary: As of March 31, 2011, Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) had no direct shareholding in any media companies, according to its balance sheet. However, RIL holds a 100% stake in Reliance Digital Media Limited through its subsidiary, Reliance Retail Limited. This investment does not breach the Companies Act, 1956. This information was provided by a government official in response to a query in the Rajya Sabha.
Summary: The Minister of State for Commerce and Industry from India visited Azerbaijan on April 16, 2012, to co-chair the second meeting of the India-Azerbaijan Inter Governmental Commission on trade and cooperation. Discussions covered various sectors including trade, energy, tourism, and IT to enhance bilateral relations. The International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) project was a key topic, with Azerbaijan offering to host the next Coordination Council meeting. Both countries expressed interest in Indian participation in hydrocarbon evacuation through Caspian pipelines. Challenges such as logistics connectivity and lack of mutual information were identified, with steps being taken to advance the INSTC project.
Summary: An Indian pharmaceutical company's brand, "CIPROTAB," was counterfeited by Chinese manufacturers and distributed in Nigeria. The Indian government lodged a protest with Chinese authorities, urging strict action against those involved. Following this, the Chinese government investigated and discovered a connection between the counterfeit drug manufacturers and Nigerian importers. The Chinese authorities informed the Indian government that the main suspects were apprehended, their factories sealed, and legal action would be pursued. This information was provided by the Indian Minister of State for Commerce and Industry in a written response to the Lok Sabha.
Summary: In April 2012, a severe cyclonic hailstorm struck the Chopra Block in Uttar Dinajpur District, West Bengal, damaging tea bushes and shade trees, leading to defoliation and rendering the bushes unfit for cropping for three months. The government is addressing the issue, with the Tea Board seeking reports on the damage extent. Affected small growers will receive support through existing Tea Board schemes, including subsidies for pruning, technical assistance for bush restoration, and working capital loans for Self Help Groups. This information was provided by the Minister of State for Commerce and Industry in response to a Lok Sabha inquiry.
Summary: Indian industrialists are being encouraged to explore business opportunities in Afghanistan, particularly in sectors such as textiles, gems and jewellery, pharmaceuticals, tobacco products, machinery, electronics, plastics, metals, and rubber products. These sectors have significant market potential in Afghanistan, supported by contracts from various donor countries, international organizations, and military forces stationed there. This information was provided by a government official in response to a parliamentary question.
Summary: To address the domestic demand-supply gap and stabilize prices of pulses, the State Trading Corporation (STC) of India has imported yellow peas under government initiatives, including a 15% subsidy scheme and the Public Distribution System (PDS). From 2009 to 2012, a total of 236,111 metric tons were imported, primarily from Canada and Ukraine, with a total expenditure of approximately USD 79.4 million. No imports have been recorded for the 2012-13 period to date. This data was disclosed by a government official in response to a parliamentary inquiry.
Summary: The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) provided financial assistance for the export of scheduled products, including organic and dairy products, totaling Rs. 119.24 crore in 2009-10, Rs. 150.03 crore in 2010-11, and Rs. 156.99 crore in 2011-12. APEDA operates five schemes to support exporters: Market Development, Quality Development, Infrastructure Development, Research and Development, and Transport Assistance. Over the past five years, APEDA's efforts led to a 100% growth in export value. The Ministry regularly reviews APEDA's performance and scheme implementation to ensure effective utilization of funds.
Summary: In February 2011, the Department of Commerce released two reports on export promotion. One report outlined a strategy to double India's exports by 2014, focusing on product and market strategies, technology, R&D, and brand building. The other report, from the Task Force on Transaction Cost in Exports, made 44 recommendations on infrastructure and procedures. Of these, 23 recommendations have been implemented, reducing transaction costs by Rs. 2100 crore permanently. This information was provided by the Minister of State for Commerce and Industry in a written reply to a question in the Lok Sabha.
Summary: An inter-departmental committee was formed on May 3, 2011, led by the Director General of Foreign Trade (DGFT), to review the Deemed Export Scheme in India. The committee sought input from trade bodies and export promotion councils, receiving suggestions from 43 organizations. An interactive session on August 3, 2011, was attended by 30 representatives from 19 trade bodies. These suggestions are currently under review. The Foreign Trade Policy, announced for 2009-2014, is updated annually, but the current year's supplement is pending. This information was provided by the Minister of State for Commerce and Industry in response to a Lok Sabha inquiry.
Summary: The Tea Board, established under the Tea Act of 1953, is responsible for the development of the tea sector in India. Its functions include regulating tea production, improving quality, promoting research, and enhancing marketing efforts. The Board also oversees the sale and export of tea, registers industry participants, and improves worker conditions. To ensure fair distribution of tea sale revenue, a Price Sharing Formula has been implemented, specifying revenue splits between growers and manufacturers, such as 65:35 in Assam and 58:42 in West Bengal. This was reported by the Minister of State for Commerce and Industry in a Lok Sabha session.
Summary: The Task Force on Transaction Cost in Exports estimated that transaction costs account for 7 to 10% of export value, including costs like inland transportation and port handling. Out of 44 recommendations made by the Task Force, 23 have been implemented, reducing costs by Rs. 2100 crore. The Task Force consulted 25 experts across six export sectors and functions. Efforts to simplify procedures and reduce business operation costs include expanding Electronic Data Interface (EDI) usage, enhancing EDI interfaces with partners like Customs and Banks, and setting timelines for authorizations in the Foreign Trade Policy. This was stated by a government official in a Lok Sabha session.
Summary: India has signed Bilateral Investment Promotion and Protection Agreements (BIPAs) with 82 countries, with 72 currently enforced. Additionally, India has entered into 17 Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) and similar agreements. BIPAs aim to ensure fair treatment for investors and include mechanisms for dispute resolution, including arbitration. Recent investor disputes involve companies from Russia, Singapore, Mauritius, the Netherlands, and the UK. An international tribunal ruled against India in a case with an Australian company. India also signed the ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement in 2009. This information was disclosed by the Minister of State for Commerce and Industry in the Lok Sabha.
Summary: The Indian government has implemented two schemes, Rubber Plantation Development (RPD) and Rubber Development in North East (RDNE), to expand rubber cultivation. These schemes, part of the 11th and 12th Five Year Plans, offer financial and technical support for rubber planting in traditional regions like Kerala and Tamil Nadu, and non-traditional areas including Karnataka, Maharashtra, and the North East. Financial assistance varies by region, with higher subsidies for non-traditional areas. New high-yielding rubber varieties and improved agro-management practices are being promoted to enhance productivity. Rubber consumption in India increased significantly from 2007-08 to 2011-12.
Summary: As of April 26, 2012, 123,255 patent applications with examination requests are pending with India's Controller General of Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks. The pending applications are distributed across locations: Delhi (47,082), Kolkata (23,857), Mumbai (14,415), and Chennai (37,901). Between 2009 and 2012, the number of applications filed increased significantly, while rejections also rose. The patent granting process is lengthy due to procedural steps and a shortage of examiners. The government has appointed 248 examiners, with 135 having joined. A compulsory license decision for an anti-cancer drug is under appeal by the patentee in the IPAB.
Summary: The import of dry cells in India has significantly decreased, while domestic production has seen a slight decline. This trend is attributed to rising input costs and a shift in consumer preferences towards more energy-efficient products. To boost domestic production, the industry has been de-licensed and is open to 100% foreign direct investment through the automatic route. This information was provided by the Minister of State for Commerce and Industry in response to a question in the Lok Sabha.
Summary: The Government of India, through the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, acknowledges specific provisions under the World Trade Organisation agreements that allow exemptions from WTO obligations for government procurement. These provisions, found in Article III:8 (a) of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 1994, and Article XIII:1 of the General Agreement on Trade in Services, permit domestic laws to govern procurement for governmental purposes without commercial intent. This policy consideration was confirmed by the Minister of State for Commerce and Industry in a written response to a parliamentary question.
Summary: The Government of India is providing incentives to tobacco farmers to boost productivity in FCV tobacco cultivation. Measures include mechanization to address labor shortages, use of hybrid seeds, and education on agricultural practices. The Tobacco Board supports farmers by supplying certified seeds and organic fertilizers, often at subsidized rates. While FDI is banned in manufacturing tobacco products like cigars and cigarettes, there is no information on illicit financial inflows related to marketing by global tobacco firms. This was confirmed by the Minister of State for Commerce and Industry in a Lok Sabha session.
Summary: The Government of India has implemented several measures to boost the gold and silver jewellery industry through its Foreign Trade Policy and Union Budget. Key initiatives include setting duty drawback rates for jewellery exports, establishing the Gem Jewellery Skill Council of India to enhance sector skills, and increasing the value limit for personal carriage during overseas exhibitions. Additionally, the re-import period for unsold items from U.S. exhibitions has been extended, and authorized persons can carry up to 10 kg of gold annually under specific guidelines. These efforts aim to promote industry growth, including in Andhra Pradesh.
Summary: The Government of India introduced several incentive schemes to promote exports over the past three years. The Status Holders Incentive Scheme, launched in 2009, offers a 1% duty credit for technology upgrades. The Special Bonus Benefit Scheme, active from October 2011 to March 2012, provided 1% benefits for specific engineering, chemical, and pharmaceutical sectors. The Special Focus Market Scheme grants an additional 1% duty credit for exports to 41 countries, enhancing competitiveness. A Monitoring Committee oversees these schemes, with Rs. 1350 crores allocated annually. Measures against misuse include penalties and suspensions under relevant trade laws.
Summary: The Government of India's Ministry of Commerce and Industry released data on the import of essential commodities for the years 2009-2012. The report highlights the import values of various commodities such as wheat, rice, pulses, edible oils, and petroleum products. The data indicates significant imports due to domestic shortages or higher local prices. Notably, the import of edible oils and petroleum products saw substantial increases. The information was provided by a government official in response to a query in the Lok Sabha and is detailed in the DGCI&S publication, with updates sent to the Parliament Library.
Summary: The Coconut Development Board, under the Technology Mission on Coconut (TMOC) scheme, has been supporting the establishment of coconut processing units across various states and a Union Territory in India since 2001-02. These units have been set up in eight states, including Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, and one Union Territory, Lakshadweep. The initiative aims to promote value-added coconut products with technical and financial support. For the fiscal year 2012-13, Rs 6.35 Crores have been allocated for this purpose. Projects are approved quarterly by a Project Approval Committee, with applications accepted year-round from various entities.
Summary: The Indian government plans to establish a Cashew Board by merging the Cashew Export Promotion Council of India (CEPCI) and the Cashew Division of the Directorate of Cashew and Cocoa Development (DCCD). This initiative aims to streamline the management of the cashew industry, which currently lacks a dedicated Commodity Board. The CEPCI focuses on export activities, while the DCCD handles production. The Ministry of Commerce Industry has implemented various schemes to support the cashew industry's export growth. The foreign exchange earnings from cashew exports from 2008 to 2011 are detailed, highlighting the industry's economic significance.
Summary: The Government of India has imposed restrictions on the import of hazardous waste, beef, and products containing beef, along with other items such as food, cement, bottled water, alcoholic beverages, livestock products, metallic waste, generator sets, cigarettes, and tobacco products, requiring compliance with mandatory requirements. Trade between India and Bangladesh reached $4,053.15 million in 2010-11 and $3,323.87 million from April 2011 to January 2012. Major traded sectors include textiles, machinery, transport equipment, pharmaceuticals, and more. India has reduced its sensitive list for Bangladesh under the SAFTA Agreement, offering zero basic customs duty on removed items.
Summary: China implemented new administrative measures for inspecting and quarantining aquatic products entering or exiting the country, effective June 1, 2012. These measures require exporting countries to provide inspection and quarantine certificates, confirmed by China's AQSIQ. In response, the Indian government, through the Export Inspection Council, engaged with Chinese authorities for approval. The data provided shows a detailed breakdown of India's aquatic product exports to various regions, including Japan, the USA, the EU, and China, from 2008 to 2012. The statistics highlight quantities, values, and dollar amounts for different marine products, such as frozen shrimp and fish, across these years.
Summary: The Government of India reported significant growth in the export of goods and services over recent years. Between 2009-10 and 2011-12, exports of goods increased from $178.8 billion to $303.7 billion, with year-on-year growth rates of -3.5%, 40.4%, and 20.9%, respectively. Exports of services rose from $96.0 billion in 2009-10 to $132.9 billion in 2010-11, then slightly decreased to $103.0 billion for April-December 2011-12, with growth rates of -9.4%, 38.4%, and 5.9%. These figures were presented by the Minister of State for Commerce and Industry in a Lok Sabha session.
Summary: The Supreme Court affirmed the authority of Central Excise officers to issue summons for recording evidence during investigations. This decision came after a challenge by an accused under investigation for alleged evasion of Central Excise duty. The Madhya Pradesh High Court had previously upheld this authority, but the petitioner escalated the matter to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court dismissed the petition, reinforcing the officers' powers and barring the petitioner from contesting this issue in future proceedings.
Summary: India's textile production saw significant growth, with cloth output reaching 62,559 million square meters in 2010-11. The country ranks as a major global producer of cotton, cotton yarn, synthetic fiber yarn, raw wool, and jute. Despite requests from industry bodies to reduce excise duties on man-made fibers, the government maintained a 12% rate in the 2012-13 budget. Textile exports increased by 20.48% from 2010 to 2011, with notable growth in markets like the UK, Germany, and France. The data was presented by the Minister of State for Textiles in the Lok Sabha.
Summary: The National Textile Corporation (NTC) has faced challenges in optimizing mill capacity due to power cuts in Tamil Nadu and labor shortages. Despite these issues, 13 mills reported cash profits in 2010-11. However, in 2011-12, price volatility and supply disruptions in raw cotton led to losses. NTC has invested in modernization and implemented measures like providing power backup and engaging women workers. A Modified Voluntary Retirement Scheme (MVRS) was offered to workers from unviable mills. The Government of Maharashtra requested land from NTC for a memorial, and a committee was formed to address this, considering environmental and legal requirements.
Summary: The Government of India is implementing various measures to support jute growers and revitalize the jute industry. Initiatives include the Jute Technology Mission, which focuses on improving jute production through research, technology transfer, market linkages, and industry modernization. The National Jute Board and Jute Corporation of India collaborate on seed development and agronomical improvements. A Minimum Support Price (MSP) is set annually to encourage jute cultivation. Additionally, the government mandates jute packaging for certain goods and promotes jute products in export markets. The Jute Corporation of India procures raw jute at MSP, ensuring no operational losses.
Summary: The 3rd National Handloom Census (2009-10) reports that out of 2,377,331 handloom units in India, 230,899 are idle, with Assam and West Bengal having the highest numbers. The government does not collect annual state-wise data on sick or closed units nor provide financial assistance for their revival. The Board for Industrial Financial Reconstruction addresses industry sickness. Funds under the Textile Workers Rehabilitation Fund Scheme have been allocated to workers of closed private Non-SSI textile mills in various states, including Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and West Bengal, over the past three years. This information was shared by the Minister of State for Textiles in the Lok Sabha.
Summary: Between April 2011 and March 2012, cocoon prices in India fell from Rs.275 to Rs.175 per kg due to a drop in raw silk prices but later rose to Rs.220 per kg. The government has implemented measures to boost cocoon and raw silk productivity, including allowing the import of modern reeling machines at reduced customs duties. The demand-supply gap for silk, primarily met through imports from China, is being addressed through the Centrally Sponsored Catalytic Development Programme. Additionally, a proposal for an Institute for Silk and Biomaterial Technology in Bangalore is underway to enhance domestic silk production.
Summary: The Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) experienced a decline in profits from 2008-09 to the third quarter of 2011-12, with Profit After Tax falling from Rs. 6,170 crore in 2008-09 to Rs. 632 crore in Q3 2011-12. The decline in 2010-11 was attributed to increased input costs, particularly imported coal, and higher expenses in wages, interest, and royalties. In Q3 2011-12, lower production and sales, along with adverse input prices and foreign exchange variations, further impacted profitability. SAIL is implementing measures to enhance production efficiency, increase value-added products, and reduce costs to improve profitability.
Summary: The Minister of Steel announced a significant increase in foreign direct investment in India's metallurgical sector, including steel, over the past three financial years, with inflows rising from Rs. 1,999.30 crore in 2009-10 to Rs. 8,242.42 crore in 2011-12. Major foreign investments include proposals by companies to establish steel plants in states like Orissa, Karnataka, and Jharkhand, with substantial investments from producers such as Posco and Arcelor-Mittal. Additionally, foreign investors have acquired stakes in Indian steel companies. An Inter-Ministerial Group has been formed to oversee and address issues related to these investments.
Summary: As of April 26, 2012, there are 123,255 pending patent applications with examination requests at the Controller General of Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks in India. The pendency is distributed across Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, and Chennai. The patent application process is lengthy due to increased filings and a shortage of examiners. The government has selected 248 new examiners, with 135 having joined by April 30, 2012. Electronic processing modules are being used to expedite examinations. A compulsory license decision involving an anti-cancer drug is under appeal, with no pending applications for compulsory licenses.
Summary: As of May 2012, India had 3,196 foreign companies registered under the Companies Act, 1956. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is prohibited in several sectors, including retail trading (except single-brand retail), lottery, gambling, chit funds, real estate, and tobacco manufacturing. Additionally, private sector investments are restricted in atomic energy and certain railway transport areas. Despite the presence of multinational companies, data on the closure of small, medium, and cottage industries is unavailable, though 496,000 Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have closed due to various issues such as credit, marketing, and competition. This was reported by the Minister of State for Commerce and Industry in the Rajya Sabha.
Summary: In April 2012, India's Wholesale Price Index (WPI) for all commodities increased by 2.1% to 163.1, with an annual inflation rate of 7.23%, up from 6.89% the previous month. Primary articles saw a 4.7% rise, driven by higher food and non-food article prices. Fuel and power prices increased by 1.8%, while manufactured products rose by 1.0%. Notable price hikes occurred in food articles like fruits and vegetables, and non-food items such as gaur seed and soyabean. The index for minerals also rose significantly, primarily due to crude petroleum and copper ore price increases.
Summary: The Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) clarified that Vodafone was indeed warned about potential tax liabilities in its acquisition of a stake in Hutchison Essar Ltd. The first notice was issued in March 2007, requesting transaction details and highlighting tax implications. Despite Vodafone's claims of not being informed, the Mumbai International Taxation Directorate's notice was confirmed by Hutchison Essar Ltd. to have been communicated to both Vodafone and Hutchison. The tax department advised both parties to consult the Assessing Officer to determine tax liabilities under the Income-tax Act, but this advice was disregarded by Vodafone.
Notifications
Central Excise
1.
26/2012-Central Excise (N.T.) - dated
10-5-2012
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CE (NT)
Amends Notification No. 49/2008-CX., (N.T.), Dated: December 24, 2008 - MRP based duty of Excise - Prescribes rate of abatement
Summary: The Government of India, through the Ministry of Finance's Department of Revenue, issued Notification No. 26/2012-Central Excise (N.T.) on May 10, 2012, amending Notification No. 49/2008-Central Excise (N.T.) concerning the MRP-based duty of excise. The amendments include changes to the entries in the notification's table, such as substituting certain goods and abatement rates, omitting specific serial numbers and entries, and adding new categories. These amendments affect various goods, including telephones, certain electronic items, and goods capable of performing multiple functions. The changes are part of ongoing updates to the principal notification.
Income Tax
2.
17/2012 - dated
11-5-2012
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IT
U/s. 80-IA of the IT Act, 1961 - Deductions - Profits and gains from industrial infrastructure undertakings, etc.
Summary: The Central Government, under section 80-IA of the Income Tax Act, 1961, has notified a scheme for industrial parks. M/s. Intime Properties Private Limited in Mumbai is recognized as an undertaking for developing an industrial park in Hyderabad. The notification outlines conditions for tax benefits, including a minimum of thirty units in the park, ownership by a single entity, and limits on commercial activity and unit occupancy. The undertaking must maintain separate accounts, file timely tax returns, and adhere to the Industrial Park (Amendment) Scheme, 2010. Non-compliance or misinformation can invalidate the notification.
Circulars / Instructions / Orders
FEMA
1.
126 - dated
14-5-2012
Deferred Payment Protocols dated April 30, 1981 and December 23, 1985 between Government of India and erstwhile USSR
Summary: The circular issued by the Reserve Bank of India on May 14, 2012, addressed to all Category-I Authorised Dealer Banks, informs them of a revision in the Rupee value of the Special Currency Basket related to deferred payment protocols between the Government of India and the former USSR. The updated Rupee value is set at Rs. 73.305676, effective from April 26, 2012. Banks are instructed to inform their relevant constituents of this change. The circular is issued under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999, and does not affect any other required permissions or approvals.
Highlights / Catch Notes
Income Tax
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Typewriters qualify for 25% depreciation under tax rules, affecting taxable income for businesses using them.
Case-Laws - HC : Typewriter is a machinery entitled to depreciation at 25%
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Assessing Officer's special audit order u/s 142(2A) of Income Tax Act upheld as valid and error-free.
Case-Laws - HC : Special audit u/s 142(2A) - opportunity of being heard before issuance of order of special audit - Cogent and valid reasons have been assigned by the Assessing Officer - order is not in error.
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Assessing Officer's ALP Re-computation Unjustified Due to Lack of Rebuttal Opportunity for Assessee.
Case-Laws - AT : TP - Re-computation of arms' length price (ALP). - selection of comparable - no opportunity of being heard was provided to the assessee for rebuttal, therefore the Assessing Officer was not justified in considering those comparables while working out the ALP
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Intangible Assets Depreciation: No Physical Wear Needed for Tax Claims u/s 32 of Income Tax Act.
Case-Laws - AT : In the case of intangible asset being commercial/business rights diminution in value or physical wear and tear is not an essential condition for admissibility for depreciation u/s 32
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Investments within six months eligible for Section 54EC Income Tax exemption, confirming compliance with investment period.
Case-Laws - AT : Period of investment for claiming exemption u/s 54EC - investments have been made within six months of receipt of such consideration. - exemption allowed.
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Notional interest and advance rent affect house property income; actual rent considered if above municipal value under Sec 23(1).
Case-Laws - AT : Income from house property - notional interest on interest free deposits and advance rent - if the rent received or receivable is more than the municipal value then the actual rent received or receivable will be taken as annual letting value of the property within the meaning of section 23(1)
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Section 80IA Deduction: Ownership Not Required for Infrastructure Facility Claim under Income Tax Act.
Case-Laws - AT : Deduction u/s 80IA - the word "it" is used to denote an enterprise. Therefore, there is no requirement that the assessee should have been the owner of the infrastructure facility.
FEMA
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Fabricated Exports Violate Foreign Exchange Management Act; Settlement Commission Orders Are Final and Non-Contestable.
Case-Laws - HC : Bogus exports - Fabricated Export - export under the DEPB Scheme - Violation of the provisions of Section 3(b) and Section 3(d) of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 - orders of the Settlement Commission can not be challenged.
Indian Laws
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Supreme Court Confirms Central Excise Officers' Power to Issue Summons for Evidence in Tax Investigations.
News : Supreme Court Upholds the Powers of Central Excise Officers to Issue Summons for Recording Evidence During Investigations
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Vodafone warned of potential tax liabilities in India as CBDT clarifies ongoing disputes and enforcement stance.
News : CBDT clarifies “Vodafone was warned“
Service Tax
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Is Brokerage Received by Sub-Broker from Main Broker Subject to Service Tax? CESTAT's Vijay Sharma Case to Decide.
Case-Laws - AT : The question as to whether the part of brokerage received by the appellant as sub-broker from the main broker would attract service tax has to be answered in the light of the judgment on this issue in the case of Vijay Sharma & Co. (2010 - TMI - 78818 - CESTAT, NEW DELHI - Service Tax)
Central Excise
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CESTAT Stay Order Ignored: Export Rebate Refund Adjusted Against Demand in Central Excise Case.
Case-Laws - HC : Adjustment of refund claim (rebate claim on export of goods) with demand stayed by the CESTAT
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Grab Bars Not Part of Bathtubs; Classified Under Base Metal Heading 83.02 Per Central Excise Case Laws.
Case-Laws - AT : CE - Classification of grab bar - the sanitary-ware - grab bar cannot be said to be a part of the bath tub. It's more like base metal amounting of heading 83.02
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Amendment to Notification No. 49/2008-CX: New Abatement Rate for MRP-Based Excise Duty Calculations Introduced.
Notifications : Amends Notification No. 49/2008-CX., (N.T.), Dated: December 24, 2008 - MRP based duty of Excise - Prescribes rate of abatement - Notification
Case Laws:
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Income Tax
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2012 (5) TMI 168
Entitlement to the bad debt written off - revenue contested it as the same was hit by the provisions of Section 36(1)(viia) – Held that:- The issue is covered by a decision in Catholic Syrian Bank Ltd. Vs. Commissioner of Income Tax (2012 - TMI - 210762 - SUPREME COURT OF INDIA) stated that u/s 36(1)(vii), the assessee would be entitled to general deduction upon an account having become bad debt and being written off - The proviso to Section 36(1)(vii) will relate to cases covered under Section 36(1)(viia) and has to be read with Section 36(2)(v) - Thus, the proviso would not permit benefit of double deduction, operating with reference to rural loans - therefore provisions of Sections 36(1)(vii) and 36(1)(viia) are distinct and independent items of deduction and operate in their respective fields – against the Revenue. Claim for depreciation on furniture and electrical fittings as well as typewriters - Held that:- Applying the decision of Commissioner of Income Tax, Madras Vs. Mir Mohammed Ali (1964 - TMI - 49371 - SUPREME Court) typewriter is a machinery entitled to depreciation at 25% and not at 33 1/3 %, as had been held by the Tribunal - as far as assessment year 1992-93 is concerned, the furniture and fittings are with reference to the bank, the assessee carrying on business in banking, sub-clause (1) would be a relevant entry and hence, the assessee would be entitled for deduction at 10% and the typewriter as machinery at 25% - in favour of revenue.
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2012 (5) TMI 167
Depreciation against assets given under hire purchase transaction - Board Circular No.689 dated 24.8.1994 - held that:- the Board pointed out that in matters of hire purchase, where the agreement disclosed the ownership resting with the lessee, the claim of depreciation should be allowed to the lessee on the entire purchase price. - Decided against the assessee.
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2012 (5) TMI 166
Special audit u/s 142(2A) - opportunity of being heard before issuance of order of special audit - held that:- A comparison of the show cause notice given to the petitioner with the reasons given by the Assessing Officer would show that the grounds on which the previous approval has been granted, finds mention in the show cause notice dated 11th of September, 2011 and the petitioner has not been prejudiced in any manner. - Decided in favor of revenue. Examination of books of accounts and form 3C before order u/s 142(2A) - held that:- The Assessing Officer first tried to clear the doubts by calling replies and he resorted to Section 142 (2A) thereafter, he found that it is difficult to work out the real income of the assessee due to complex nature of the entries in the account books. It is one thing to say that the account books may be rejected and the best judgement assessment may be resorted to under section 144 of the Act. But even then, best judgement cannot be arbitrary or whimsical. There has to be some basis for it. - Cogent and valid reasons have been assigned by the Assessing Officer - order is not in error - decided against the assessee.
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2012 (5) TMI 165
Treatment of Communication Expenses under section 10A - Re-computation of Arm's Length Price - AO while framing the assessment u/s 143(3) computed the deduction under section 10A of the Act by reducing lease line charges from export turnover, but not from the total turnover. - held that:- t if an item is excluded from the export turnover, the same should also be excluded from the total turnover to maintain parity between the numerator and denominator while calculating the deduction under section 10A of the Act. - matter remanded back to AO to recompute the deduction u/s 10A. TP - Re-computation of arms' length price (ALP). - selection of comparable - held that:- no opportunity of being heard was provided to the assessee for rebuttal, therefore the Assessing Officer was not justified in considering those comparables while working out the ALP in assessee's case. In that view of the matter, we deem it appropriate to set aside this issue back to the file of the Assessing Officer, to be adjudicated afresh in accordance with law, after providing due and reasonable opportunity of being heard to the assessee. - Matter remanded back. Adjustment where price variation falls within +/- 5% range of arithmetical mean of the comparables. - held that:- it appears that the benefit of +/- 5% adjustment has not been given to the assessee for the reason (as mentioned by the TPO) that sales made by the assessee to third parties were higher in comparison to the rates of sale by AEs to the assessee. But nothing is brought on record to substantiate the aforesaid observations of the TPO. - Since the facts of the present case are similar to the facts involved in the aforesaid referred to case of Tatra Vectra Motors Ltd. [2012 (4) TMI 359 - ITAT BANGALORE], so respectfully following the said order, we direct the AO to allow the benefit of +/- 5% to the assessee while computing the ALP.
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2012 (5) TMI 164
Addition u/s 68 - Penalty u/s 271 - share application money - onus to prove - held that:- the assessee has to discharge the primary onus by placing on record the basic information about the investors. This initial burden can be said to be discharged if the names and addresses of the investors are placed on record. Further, initial burden can also be said to be discharged if the mode of payment is also placed on record. The initial burden or the primary onus can also be said to be discharged if the genuineness of the transaction, i.e. share applications are also placed on record. Once all those documents were produced, then it can be safely held that the requisite primary onus, as casted upon an assessee, has been discharged. Thereafter, it is for the AO to scrutinize those details. The Hon'ble Courts, as cited hereinabove, have suggested that if the AO had made certain enquiries and nurtures any doubt about the creditworthiness of those investors, then he is free to take appropriate action in their respective hands. - Decided against revenue. Condonation of delay as granted by CIT(A) - held that:- litigant must not be thrown out of the litigation at the very threshold without providing an opportunity of hearing. Particularly in this case, we have noticed that the assessee was vigilant about his right of appeal and, therefore, knocking one door or the other and seeking for justice. It is not the case that no appeal at all was filed earlier. The first appeal was filed very much in time but it was treated as non-est due to non-payment of tax. A second appeal was filed after making the payment of taxes, stated to be a sum of Rs. 3,47,830/- as T.D.S. and Rs. 10,96,409/- as self assessment tax thus totalling to Rs.14,44,239/- i.e. admitted tax liability. Meanwhile, against the first appeal, the assessee had gone before Tribunal, however, that appeal was withdrawn in the month of November-2005 because by that time the assessee obtained the impugned order of CIT(A) Ahmedabad which was dated 27/10/2005, the impugned appellate order now under appeal before us. On account of these facts, it is not logical to conclude that the assessee was negligent or irresponsible, therefore, did not entitled for any discretion or sympathy. - Decided in favor of assessee.
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2012 (5) TMI 163
Unexplained investment - books of account had ever been produced before any Income-tax Authority for verification - ITAT deleted the addition - held that:- The source of investment was shown by the assessee by producing the relevant books of account. The books of account had contained the relevant entries for withdrawal of the amount - tribunal after considering the entire materials on record including the reasons given by the Assessing Officer and Appellate Authority has chosen to disagree and has recorded its independent findings holding that the investment is clearly reflected in the books of account produced by the assessee and has been properly explained by the assessee. The findings recorded by the Tribunal are essentially findings of fact based on material. - No substantial question of law - decided against the revenue.
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2012 (5) TMI 162
Depreciation on the intangible assets - purchase of franchise for a consideration of Rs. 5.51 crores. - it was contended that the assessee has not acquired any particular asset but it is a case of transfer of a on-going concern. - held that:- AFL transferred its rights of business and business network with respect to the money transfer business being the representative of the Western Union network. It is clear that it is not the case of entire on going concern i.e AFL or its brand name; but only business rights in respect of one of its various businesses. In the case of intangible asset being commercial/business rights diminution in value or physical wear and tear is not an essential condition for admissibility for depreciation u/s 32, if the assets used as a business tool for earning the income. The assessee paid the consideration for the purpose of enhancing its network in the field of money transfer business by acquiring the rights over infrastructure and other advantage attached to the marketing network and hence, the same falls under the category of intangible asset as contemplated u/s 32(1)(ii) of the IT Act. - Decided in favor of assessee.
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2012 (5) TMI 161
Period of investment for claiming exemption u/s 54EC - held that:- the interpretation placed by the CBDT in consultation with the Ministry of Law to the condition of making investment within six months from the date of transfer in section 54EC would support the claim of the assessee in this case also for exemption from capital gain with respect to the impugned sum of Rs 50 lakhs invested in specified assets on 3.8.2007 and 27.10.2007. - In the present case, admittedly the impugned amount of sale proceeds have been received by the assessee much after the date of transfer - investments have been made within six months of receipt of such consideration. Therefore, having regard to the interpretation placed by the CBDT to understand the requirement of making investment within six months from the date of transfer in section 54EC of the Act we are inclined to uphold the plea of the assessee for exemption from tax on capital gains qua impugned amount of Rs 50 lakhs. Claim under section 54B denied as the assessee would not put such land for agricultural purposes – Held that:- No material brought on record by the AO that the new land purchased for agricultural purposes is being actually put to use for any other purpose - only an apprehension on the part of the AO cannot be accepted to disallow the claim – Observation by AO that the assessee had ventured into a real estate business and therefore there was no possibility of the assessee undertaking agriculture on the new land purchased leads to no conclusion to disallow the claim - in favour of assessee.
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2012 (5) TMI 160
Interest free advances – Revenue contested that Tribunal held that funds available with the Assessee are much more than the amount invested in its subsidiary even though the sources of funds without considering secured loans are not sufficient for the application of funds - the Assessee does not have its own funds for making investment in the subsidiary or for advances and therefore borrowed funds have been utilized and interest on a pro rata basis has been rightly disallowed by the Assessing Officer – Held that:- The assessee has significant interest in the business of the subsidiary since both the assessee and the subsidiary are engaged in providing telecommunication services and utilizes even borrowed money for furthering its business connection, there is no reason or justification to make a dis allowance in respect of the deduction which is otherwise available under Section 36(1)(iii) - when the assessee advanced an amount to RIL for furthering the business of the assessee it in turn was to execute counter guarantees in favour of financial institutions for the benefit of the discharge of the EPCG obligations by the assessee – the findings of Tribunal are consistent with the judgment of the Supreme Court in S.A. Builders v. Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) (2006 -TMI - 2870 - SUPREME COURT OF INDIA)that if the business purpose is there while advancing money to the sister concern the dis allowance of interest cannot be sustained - against revenue.
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2012 (5) TMI 159
Income from house property - addition of Rs. 24,30,000/- on account of notional interest on interest free deposits and advance rent - Circular No. 204 dated 24.07.1976 - Held that: it is clear that if the Municipal valuation of the property is more than the rent received or receivable then the same should be taken for the purpose of valuation. However, if the rent received or receivable is more than the municipal value then the actual rent received or receivable will be taken as annual letting value of the property within the meaning of section 23(1) - ITAT Mumbai Bench in the case of Reclamation Realty India (P.) Ltd. (2010 (11) TMI 477 - ITAT, MUMBAI) - Decided in favor of the assessee
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2012 (5) TMI 158
Deduction u/s 80IA - ambiguity in the income tax act - infrastructure activities - Ownership of infrastructure itself - contractor or developer - held that:- the words 'developer' and 'contractor' have not been defined in or for the purposes of section 80-1A. - the very fact that the legislature mentioned the words (i) "developing" or (ii) "operating and maintaining" or (iii) "developing, operating and maintaining" clearly indicates that any enterprise which carried on any of these three activities would become eligible for deduction. Therefore, there is no ambiguity in the Income-Tax Act. Regarding ownership - held that:- according to sub-clause (a), clause (i) of sub section (4) of Section 80-IA the word "it" denotes the enterprise carrying on the business. The word "it" cannot be related to the infrastructure facility, particularly in view of the fact that infrastructure facility includes Rail system, Highway project, Water treatment system, Irrigation project, a Port, an Airport or an Inland port which cannot be owned by any one. Even otherwise, the word "it" is used to denote an enterprise. Therefore, there is no requirement that the assessee should have been the owner of the infrastructure facility. Developer or mere works contractor - held that:- it is clear that from an un-developed area, infrastructure is developed and handed over to the Government and as explained by the CBDT vide its Circular dated 18-05-2010, such activity is eligible for deduction under section 80IA(4) of the Act. This cannot be considered as a mere works contract but has to be considered as a development of infrastructure facility. Therefore, the assessee is a developer and not a works contractor as presumed by the Revenue. The case of Laxmi Civil Engineering (P.) squarely applicable to the issue under dispute which is in favour of the assessee wherein it was held that mere development of a infrastructure facility is an eligible activity for claiming deduction under section 80IA of the Act after considering the Judgement of the Mumbai High Court in the case of ABG Heavy Industries Ltd. (2010 -TMI - 75718 - BOMBAY HIGH COURT).
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Customs
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2012 (5) TMI 156
Ownership of imported goods - Requirement of Import licence while importing digital multifunction printing and copying machines - held that:- a person is unable to establish the ownership of the goods the respondent is vest with the power to reject the claim of the appellant and ultimately, correctly held that it is for the appellant to go before the authorities concerned after retracting confession and take all necessary steps to prove that he is the person holding out to be an importer and rightly stated if the appellant proves his ownership by retracting the statement before the authorities concerned, if he is able to establish his right as a person holding out to be an importer, he can go before the authorities concerned for assessing the consignment and release of his goods. It is needless to say, the burden is on the appellant to prove his ownership and release the goods as required by law.
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Corporate Laws
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2012 (5) TMI 155
Winding up of a company - appointment of liquidator - The appellant contested the winding up petition - guarantee declaration given by the appellant on behalf of the company under liquidation - authority through board resolution - held that:- The pleadings of the appellant Company are conspicuously silent as to why Mr. Ravi Chilukuri who has a substantial stake in the appellant Company and who from the documents filed by the respondent is the face/promoter of the appellant Company and/or of the Group of Companies to which the appellant Company belongs signed the Guarantee Declaration, Promissory Notes and as to how the Resolution aforesaid of the Board of Directors of the appellant Company landed with the respondent. Similarly though it is contended that comfort letter aforesaid issued by the Bankers of the appellant Company does not refer to the transaction in question but there is no explanation as to for which transaction it was obtained from the bank. - The appellant obviously had a stake in the Stock Purchase and Sale Agreement (supra), for the appellant Company to stand guarantee for the same. The world is a shrinking place today and commercial transactions spanning across borders abound. We have wondered whether we should be dissuaded for the reason of the transaction for which the appellant Company had stood surety/guarantee being between foreign companies. We are of the opinion that if we do so, we would be sending a wrong signal and dissuading foreign commercial entities from relying on the assurances/guarantees given by Indian companies and which would ultimately restrict the role of India in such international commercial transactions. As far as the argument of appellant Company of the purchasers under the aforesaid Stock Purchase and Sale Agreement being not before this Court and of denial of the knowledge of default, is concerned, certainly the appellant Company which had stood guarantee for the purchaser i.e. M/s Newco Prague s.r.o. would be in the know as to whether the purchaser has paid the price or not. If the purchaser was not in default, that would have been the first plea of the appellant Company against the petition for winding up. No such plea has been taken. On the contrary advantage is sought to be taken of technicalities and which cannot be permitted. As far as the argument of Stamp Act is concerned, the same is again only concerned with recovery of penalties and the documents even if unstamped can be read on penalty being paid. The same is thus no absolute bar to this Court acting on the basis of the said documents. It cannot be lost sight of that both the documents i.e. Guarantee Declaration as well as Promissory Notes were executed outside the country.
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FEMA
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2012 (5) TMI 157
Bogus exports - Fabricated Export - export under the DEPB Scheme - Violation of the provisions of Section 3(b) and Section 3(d) of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (“the FEMA”) - Power of the settlement commission - held that:- the immunity is only from penalty under the Customs Act and not in respect of any other Act including the FEMA. - the orders of the Settlement Commission are considered to be conclusive of the matters stated therein and cannot be challenged in any other proceeding under any other law including FEMA. Rights of third parties - held that:- observations of the Tribunal cannot be construed as affecting the rights of any third parties who were not before the Court, since the Tribunal was and this Court is concerned only with the involvement of those who are parties to the appeal proceedings. Independently, the evidence against the Appellant is sufficient to sustain the finding of breach of Sections 3(b) and 3(d). The penalty is not disproportionate, but is commensurate with the gravity of the charge, the nature of the misconduct and the role attributed to the Appellant.
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Central Excise
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2012 (5) TMI 154
Adjustment of refund claim (rebate claim on export of goods) with demand stayed by the CESTAT - held that:- In the instant case, though the Tribunal was not even in session, by way of abundant caution, the petitioner has filed applications before the Tribunal seeking extension of stay already granted on 09.05.2011, which was due to expire on 09.11.2011, but, the said applications were not taken up due to non-availability of the Bench. Of course, on the expiry of stay, the respondent was empowered to act upon the impugned proceedings, but, at the same time, it was incumbent on his part to keep in mind the non-availability of the Tribunal and maintain status quo until further orders, but not to take advantage of the expiry of stay and no extension thereof, which were wholly due to non- availability of the quorum. The Tribunal shall decide the appeals on their own merits, untrammelled by any of the observations made in this order. It is needless to mention that until the appeals are taken up by the Tribunal, the interim stay, already granted by this Court on 25.11.2011, shall continue. Power of the courts in exceptional circumstances - held that:- The court may in such cases bend the rules of procedure if no specific provision of law or rule of fair play is violated for it would promote substantial justice provided that there is absence of other disentitling factors or just circumstances.
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CST, VAT & Sales Tax
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2012 (5) TMI 169
Irregularity in Form C under sales tax - Assessment under section 21(1) of the U.P. Trade Tax Act, 1948 (UPTT) - It was contended that unless the petitioner is supplied relevant materials, which is basis of the proceedings under Section 21(1) of the Act, no assessment can be made. - The notice categorised the allegations against the petitioner in eight categories and with regard to each Form-C details of allegations have been clearly mentioned. - the respondents shall rely on only those documents of which the petitioner has been made aware by filing earlier counter affidavit and in the event the respondents propose to rely on any other document, opportunity of inspection of the document or copy thereof be given to the petitioner. It goes without saying that while passing the final order, the question of limitation is to be gone into by the respondents as at this stage no direction is needed to decide the said question separately.