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TMI Blog2013 (5) TMI 690X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... barred by limitation does not ipso facto lead to the conclusion that there is cessation or remission of liability, in the facts of the present case, it is also not possible to conclude that the debt has become unenforceable. It is well settled that reflecting an amount as outstanding in the balance sheet by a company amounts to the company acknowledging the debt for the purposes of Section 18 of the Limitation Act, 1963 and, thus, the claim by M/s Elephanta Oil & Vanaspati Ltd. can also not be considered as time barred as the period of limitation would stand extended. Even, otherwise, it cannot be stated that M/s Elephanta Oil & Vanaspati Ltd. would be unable to claim a set-off on account of the amount reflected as payable to it by the assessee. Admittedly, winding up proceedings against M/s Elephanta Oil & Vanaspati Ltd. are pending and there is no certainty that any claim that may be made by the assessee with regard to the amounts receivable from M/s Elephanta Oil & Vanaspati Ltd. would be paid without the liquidator claiming the credit for the amounts receivable from the assessee company. Thus admittedly, no credit entry has been made in the books of the assessee in the previ ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... /- 3. The credit balances against the aforementioned creditors have been outstanding since several years. In the case of M/s Elephanta Oil Vanaspati Ltd., the amount of Rs. 1,53,48,850/- was outstanding in the books since 1984- 1985. The Assessing Officer called upon the assessee to provide confirmations from the creditors regarding the balance outstanding to their credit. The assessee filed a balance confirmation from M/s Ramji Lal Investments (P) Ltd. but could not provide confirmations from any of the other aforementioned creditors. The Assessing Officer also issued notices under section 133(6) of the Act to the creditors, for the purpose of verifying the credit balance outstanding against their names. The notice issued to M/s Elephanta Oil Vanaspati Ltd., M/s Geo-chem Laboratories (P) Ltd., M/s Jain House, Calcutta and Sh. Sohan Lal Ghai were returned un-served. 4. The Assessing Officer accepted the amount of Rs. 38,874/- outstanding to the credit of M/s Ramji Lal Investments (P) Ltd., but held that the balance liabilities in respect of other sundry creditors, which were lying unclaimed since several years, were liable to be added back to the income of the assessee unde ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... ta Oil Vanaspati Ltd. had become a sick company and had filed a reference before the Board of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR). The BIFR was of the opinion that M/s Elephanta Oil Vanaspati Ltd. be wound up and accordingly, winding up proceedings have been initiated in this Court and the official liquidator has been appointed as the provisional liquidator to take over possession of the books and accounts and other records of the M/s Elephanta Oil Vanaspati Ltd. 7. The CIT (Appeals) deleted the addition made by the Assessing Officer with regard to the balance outstanding to the credit of M/s Geo-chem Laboratories (P) Ltd., M/s Jain House, Calcutta and Sh. Sohan Lal Ghai on the ground that the assessee had continued to reflect the liabilities against the names of these creditors in the subsequent period i.e. in the final accounts for the years ended on 31.03.2009 and 31.03.2010. The CIT (Appeals) held that as the assessee company continued to reflect amounts payable to those creditors there was no cessation of liability and consequently, the provisions of Section 41(1) of the Act were inapplicable. However, in the case of M/s Elephanta Oil Vanaspati Ltd., the C ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... nuineness of the initial transaction was not in challenge, it was contended that the fact that the amount payable to M/s Elephanta Oil Vanaspati Ltd. has been outstanding for 25 years indicated that the liability has ceased. It has been pleaded on behalf of the revenue that the following questions arise for our consideration: 1. "Whether ITAT erred in setting aside an amount of Rs. 1,53,48,850.00 holding that there was no cession of liability?" 2. "Whether while considering provisions of section 41(1) the net liability that after providing for receivables is to be considered or is relevant?" 10. We are unable to appreciate the stand taken on behalf of the revenue, which has, apparently, not been consistent. The Assessing Officer, inter-alia, added a sum of Rs. 1,57,15,137, being the aggregate of the amounts shown as payable to various sundry creditors, as income under Section 41(1) of the Act. Whilst the Assessing Officer held that the liabilities due to the sundry creditors had ceased, the genuineness of the initial transaction on account of which the amounts were payable to various creditors was not made an issue. The only issue raised by the Assessing Officer was that si ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... re us and the only controversy sought to be raised before us is whether there has been cessation of liability owed by the assessee to M/s Elephanta Oil Vanaspati Ltd. In our view, that question doesn t arise in the present case since the decision of the CIT (Appeals) that there is no cession of liability in cases where the debt has been acknowledged by the assessee company has already been accepted by the revenue. However, as the question whether there is any cessation of liability in the relevant previous year warranting an addition in terms of Section 41(1) of the Act has been urged on behalf of the revenue, we consider it appropriate to examine the same. 14. Section 41(1) of the Act is relevant and is quoted below:- 41. Profits chargeable to tax- (1) Where an allowance or deduction has been made in the assessment for any year in respect of loss, expenditure or trading liability incurred by the assessee (hereinafter referred to as the first-mentioned person) and subsequently during any previous year,- (a) the first-mentioned person has obtained, whether in cash or in any other manner whatsoever, any amount in respect of such loss or expenditure or some benefit in respect ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... er whatsoever any amount in respect of such loss or expenditure or some benefit in respect of such trading liability by way of remission or cessation thereof, the amount obtained by him . Thus, the section contemplates obtaining by the assessee of an amount either in cash or in any other manner whatsoever or a benefit by way of remission or cessation and it should be of a particular amount obtained by him. Thus, the obtaining by the assessee of a benefit by virtue of remission or cessation is sine qua non for application of this section. 17. The only issue that needs to be considered is whether the liability towards M/s Elephanta Oil Vanaspati Ltd. has ceased on account of efflux of time. 18. The Supreme Court in the case of Bombay Dyeing and Manufacturing Co. Ltd. v. State of Bombay: AIR 1958 SC 328 has clearly held that even in cases where the remedy of a creditor is barred by limitation the debt itself is not extinguished but merely becomes unenforceable. The Court observed as under:- The position then is that, under the law, a debt subsists notwithstanding that its recovery is barred by limitation.......... 19. This view has also been taken by the Supreme Court i ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... nd followed. We have no hesitation to say that the reasoning is correct and we agree with the same. 20. In order to attract the provisions of Section 41(1) of the Act, it is necessary that there should have been a cessation or remission of liability. As held by the Bombay High Court, in the case of J. K. Chemicals Ltd. (supra), cessation of liability may occur either by the reason of the liability becoming unenforceable in law by the creditor coupled with debtor declaring his intention not to honour his liability, or by a contract between parties or by discharge of the debt. In the present case, the assessee is acknowledging the debt payable to M/s Elephanta Oil Vanaspati Ltd. and there is no material to indicate that the parties have contracted to extinguish the liability. Thus, in our view it cannot be concluded that the debt owed by the assessee to M/s Elephanta Oils Vanaspati Ltd. stood extinguished. 21. Although, enforcement of a debt being barred by limitation does not ipso facto lead to the conclusion that there is cessation or remission of liability, in the facts of the present case, it is also not possible to conclude that the debt has become unenforceable. It is ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X
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