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TMI BlogRevenue RecognitionX X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... i) Revenue arising from government grants and other similar subsidies; (iv) Revenue of insurance companies arising from insurance contracts. 3. Examples of items not included within the definition of revenue for the purpose of this Standard are: (i) Realised gains resulting from the disposal of, and unrealised gains resulting from the holding of, non-current assets e.g. appreciation in the value of fixed assets; (ii) Unrealised holding gains resulting from the change in value of current assets, and the natural increases in herds and agricultural and forest products; (iii) Realised or unrealised gains resulting from changes in foreign exchange rates and adjustments arising on the translation of foreign currency financial statements; (iv) Realised gains resulting from the discharge of an obligation at less than its carrying amount; (v) Unrealised gains resulting from the restatement of the carrying amount of an obligation. Definitions 4. The following terms are used in this Standard with the meanings specified: 4.1 Revenue is the gross inflow of cash, receivables or other consideration arising in the course of the ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... 6.2 At certain stages in specific industries, such as when agricultural crops have been harvested or mineral ores have been extracted, performance may be substantially complete prior to the execution of the transaction generating revenue. In such cases when sale is assured under a forward contract or a government guarantee or where market exists and there is a negligible risk of failure to sell, the goods involved are often valued at net realisable value. Such amounts, while not revenue as defined in this Standard, are sometimes recognised in the statement of profit and loss and appropriately described. 7. Rendering of Services 7.1 Revenue from service transactions is usually recognised as the service is performed, either by the proportionate completion method or by the completed service contract method. (i) Proportionate completion method.- Performance consists of the execution of more than one act. Revenue is recognised proportionately by reference to the performance of each act. The revenue recognised under this method would be determined on the basis of contract value, associated costs, number of acts or other suitable basis. For practical purposes, when services ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... n with reasonable certainty is lacking at the time of raising any claim, e.g., for escalation of price, export incentives, interest etc., revenue recognition is postponed to the extent of uncertainty involved. In such cases, it may be appropriate to recognise revenue only when it is reasonably certain that the ultimate collection will be made. Where there is no uncertainty as to ultimate collection, revenue is recognised at the time of sale or rendering of service even though payments are made by instalments. 9.3 When the uncertainty relating to collectability arises subsequent to the time of sale or the rendering of the service, it is more appropriate to make a separate provision to reflect the uncertainty rather than to adjust the amount of revenue originally recorded. 9.4 An essential criterion for the recognition of revenue is that the consideration receivable for the sale of goods, the rendering of services or from the use by others of enterprise resources is reasonably determinable. When such consideration is not determinable within reasonable limits, the recognition of revenue is postponed. 9.5 When recognition of revenue is postponed due to the effect of uncertaint ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... s to measurability or collectability exists. These revenues are recognised on the following bases: (i) Interest: on a time proportion basis taking into account the amount outstanding and the rate applicable. (ii) Royalties: on an accrual basis in accordance with the terms of the relevant agreement. (iii) Dividends from investments in shares: when the owner's right to receive payment is established. Disclosure 14. In addition to the disclosures required by Accounting Standard 1 on 'Disclosure of Accounting Policies' (AS 1), an enterprise should also disclose the circumstances in which revenue recognition has been postponed pending the resolution of significant uncertainties. Illustrations These illustrations do not form part of the accounting standard set forth in this Statement. Their purpose is to illustrate the application of the Standard to a number of commercial situations in an endeavour to assist in clarifying application of the Standard. A. Sale of Goods 1. Delivery is delayed at buyer's request and buyer takes title and accepts billing Revenue should be recognised notwithstanding that physical delivery ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... is received. 4. Special order and shipments i.e. where payment (or partial payment) is received for goods not presently held in stock e.g. the stock is still to be manufactured or is to be delivered directly to the customer from a third party Revenue from such sales should not be recognised until goods are manufactured, identified and ready for delivery to the buyer by the third party. 5. Sale/repurchase agreements i.e. where seller concurrently agrees to repurchase the same goods at a later date For such transactions that are in substance a financing agreement, the resulting cash inflow is not revenue as defined and should not be recognised as revenue. 6. Sales to intermediate parties i.e. where goods are sold to distributors, dealers or others for resale Revenue from such sales can generally be recognised if significant risks of ownership have passed; however in some situations the buyer may in substance be an agent and in such cases the sale should be treated as a consignment sale. 7. Subscriptions for publications Revenue received or billed should be deferred and recognised either on a straight line basis over time or, where the items delivered v ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X ..... y or loan management fees which relate to continuing obligations or services should normally be recognised over the life of the loan or facility having regard to the amount of the obligation outstanding, the nature of the services provided and the timing of the costs relating thereto. 4. Admission fees Revenue from artistic performances, banquets and other special events should be recognised when the event takes place. When a subscription to a number of events is sold, the fee should be allocated to each event on a systematic and rational basis. 5. Tuition fees Revenue should be recognised over the period of instruction. 6. Entrance and membership fees Revenue recognition from these sources will depend on the nature of the services being provided. Entrance fee received is generally capitalised. If the membership fee permits only membership and all other services or products are paid for separately, or if there is a separate annual subscription, the fee should be recognised when received. If the membership fee entitles the member to services or publications to be provided during the year, it should be recognised on a systematic and rational basis having r ..... X X X X Extracts X X X X X X X X Extracts X X X X
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