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Issues Involved:
1. Commercial insolvency and winding up of the company. 2. Rights and claims of secured creditors in winding up proceedings. 3. Rate of interest payable to secured creditors and workers from surplus funds. Detailed Analysis: 1. Commercial Insolvency and Winding Up of the Company: The winding up petition (C.P. No. 3 of 1984) was filed on January 18, 1984, under section 439 of the Companies Act, 1956, by a contributor for the winding up of the Travancore Ogale Glass Manufacturing Company on the ground of commercial insolvency. A provisional liquidator was appointed on February 7, 1984. The winding up order was issued by the court on June 10, 1985. 2. Rights and Claims of Secured Creditors in Winding Up Proceedings: The Federal Bank Limited, a secured creditor, was impleaded in the winding up proceedings as per order dated February 17, 1984. The bank initially stated it was keeping outside the winding up proceedings but later sought directions to safeguard its rights to proceed against the assets of the company. The bank filed C.A. No. 291 of 1984 under section 446 of the Companies Act for sanction to institute a civil suit to enforce their security, which was granted on February 11, 1985. The bank subsequently filed O.S. No. 3 of 1986 before the Sub-Court of Ernakulam, resulting in a decree on January 30, 1988, for Rs. 1,48,23,388.73 with 10% interest per annum from the date of the suit till realization. The sale of the company's assets was conducted, fetching Rs. 6.75 crores, from which the decree amount and interest were paid to the bank. The workers were also paid their dues with interest at the rate of 4% per annum. The court addressed the fundamental question of whether a secured creditor can stand outside the winding up proceedings. Citing M.K. Ranganathan v. Government of Madras [1955] 25 Comp. Cas. 344 and Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Ltd. v. Srinivas Agencies [1996] 86 Comp. Cas. 255, the court affirmed that a secured creditor could stand outside the winding up proceedings and realize their security without the leave of the winding up court. 3. Rate of Interest Payable to Secured Creditors and Workers from Surplus Funds: The official liquidator filed M.C.A. No. 78 of 1995, seeking to limit the payment of interest from 10% to 4% per annum on the amount due to creditors in the event of surplus funds. The bank, in C.A. No. 65 of 1996, claimed interest at the rate of 10% per annum as per the decree. The workmen, in M.C.A. No. 66 of 1995, also claimed interest at the same rate as the secured creditor. The court considered whether the interest at the rate of 4% per annum under rule 179 of the Companies (Court) Rules, 1959, or at the rate of 10% per annum as decreed by the civil court, should be paid to the secured creditors and workers under section 529A of the Companies Act. The court noted that the secured creditor standing outside the winding up proceedings is not bound by rule 179. The court also considered the impact of paying 10% interest on the surplus funds, which would leave no amount available for the workers and contributors. Balancing the interests of all parties, the court decided to reduce the interest rate from 10% to 6% per annum for both the Federal Bank and the workers, subject to any liability for capital gains tax. This approach was deemed reasonable and equitable, advancing the interests of justice. Conclusion: The court disposed of the M.C.As by allowing the secured creditor and the workers to receive 6% interest on the amount paid to them, subject to capital gains tax liabilities. This decision balanced the interests of all parties involved, ensuring a fair distribution of the surplus funds.
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