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Assessment of unregistered firm's income based on loans claimed for land development, initiation of penalty proceedings, justification of penalty, genuineness of loans and creditors' creditworthiness, applicability of Explanation 1 to section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, Tribunal's dismissal of appeal, questions referred for opinion. Analysis: The case involved the assessment of an unregistered firm's income for the assessment year 1984-85, where the firm, Rohini Dairy Farm, claimed to have taken loans for land development and repaid them post land sale. The Assessing Officer disbelieved the loan claims, leading to income computation and penalty initiation. The firm contended that it had provided confirmation letters from most creditors and some confirmed advancing loans. However, the Commissioner of Income-tax found the loans' genuineness and creditors' creditworthiness unproven, upholding the penalty. The firm appealed to the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal, which dismissed the appeal. The Tribunal highlighted that despite confirmation letters, the creditors lacked the capacity to lend, being street-hawkers with insufficient financial standing. The Tribunal erroneously cited a provision not applicable during the relevant assessment year, emphasizing the firm's failure to prove the loans' legitimacy. The firm's reference application was rejected by the Tribunal, leading to a Tax Case Petition. The Tribunal's decision was based on the concealment of income by the firm, as per Explanation 1 to section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act. The High Court concurred with the Tribunal's findings, emphasizing the firm's inability to prove the loans' purpose and the creditors' creditworthiness. The Court dismissed the petition, stating that no legal questions arose from the Tribunal's order. The firm's failure to substantiate the loan transactions with credible evidence led to the penalty's justification under the Income-tax Act. In conclusion, the High Court upheld the Tribunal's decision, emphasizing the firm's concealment of income due to unproven loans and creditors' financial capacity. The Court found no legal grounds to challenge the Tribunal's ruling, ultimately dismissing the petition without costs.
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