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Issues:
1. Interpretation of the amended provisions of section 43B of the Income-tax Act, 1961 as retrospective or prospective. Detailed Analysis: The High Court of Madhya Pradesh heard and disposed of various miscellaneous civil cases analogously, all involving the interpretation of common questions of fact and law. The central issue revolved around whether the amended provisions of section 43B of the Income-tax Act, 1961 were retrospective or prospective in operation. The cases were registered on applications by the Commissioner of Income-tax, Bhopal, seeking direction to the Tribunal to state the case and refer it for the court's opinion on the applicability of the amended provisions to the assessment year 1984-85, given the amendment's effective date of April 1, 1988. The facts of the case involved the Assessing Officer making additions under section 43B, which were later deleted by the Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals). The Department appealed to the Tribunal, which held that the claim was allowable based on a decision by the High Court of Patna. The Tribunal considered the amendment to section 43B as declaratory and applicable retrospectively, leading to the dispute before the High Court. The Court analyzed the legal principles governing retrospective versus prospective application of statutory amendments. Referring to relevant case law, the Court emphasized that if an amendment is declaratory of pre-existing law and procedural in nature, it can be deemed retrospective. In this case, the Court found that the first proviso to section 43B, introduced in 1988, was explanatory and did not affect vested rights, thereby justifying its retrospective application. The Court also cited precedents from other High Courts supporting the interpretative stance that the amendment to section 43B should be viewed retrospectively. It highlighted the remedial nature of the proviso aimed at curbing tax evasion practices, further supporting its retrospective application from the original introduction of section 43B in 1984. Ultimately, the High Court upheld the Tribunal's decision, ruling that the amended provision of section 43B was retrospective and dismissing the miscellaneous civil cases for lacking merit. The Court awarded counsel fees and emphasized the need for finality in legal proceedings to prevent reactivation of stale issues beyond a certain point. In conclusion, the High Court's judgment clarified the retrospective nature of the amendment to section 43B, providing a comprehensive analysis of the legal principles and precedents guiding the interpretation of statutory provisions in tax law.
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