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Issues:
Allowability of export markets development allowance under section 35B of the Income-tax Act, 1961 for bank interest, bank charges, insurance, and loss on account of fluctuations in the rate of exchange. Analysis: The judgment pertains to a reference under section 256(1) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, regarding the allowability of export markets development allowance for various items of expenditure. The controversy revolves around the interpretation of section 35B of the Act. The court notes that weighted deduction is not allowable for bank interest and bank charges or insurance charges based on previous decisions. The remaining issue concerns the claim for weighted deduction for a loss on account of fluctuations in the rate of exchange. Regarding the loss on account of fluctuations in the rate of exchange, the court examines the nature of the loss incurred by the assessee. The assessee entered into forward contracts to purchase dollars to mitigate future losses on goods supplied outside India. The court analyzes the provisions of section 35B(1)(a) and sub-clauses (iii) and (viii) of section 35B(1)(b) of the Act. These sub-clauses specify the activities on which expenditure must be wholly and exclusively incurred to qualify for the export markets development allowance. The court observes that the loss due to exchange rate fluctuations does not have a direct nexus to the activities outlined in sub-clauses (iii) and (viii) of section 35B(1)(b). It concludes that the loss incurred by the assessee cannot be considered as expenditure wholly and exclusively on the specified activities. Therefore, the Tribunal was justified in disallowing the weighted deduction for the loss on account of fluctuations in the rate of exchange. In light of the analysis, the court answers the question in favor of the Revenue and against the assessee. No costs are awarded considering the facts and circumstances of the case.
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