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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the shares of the beneficiaries of the trust are definite and ascertainable. 2. Whether the family members residing in the properties free of rent are beneficiaries of the trust. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Definite and Ascertainable Shares of Beneficiaries: The primary issue was whether the shares of the beneficiaries of the trust created by M. George Joseph were definite and ascertainable. The trust was established to provide education to his three grandchildren, with the eldest son appointed as the trustee. The trustee was to manage the properties and use the income for the grandchildren's education until the youngest grandchild reached the age of 21. Upon the expiration of the trust, the properties were to be equally divided among the three grandchildren. The Wealth-tax Officer initially assessed the assets under sub-section (4) of section 21 of the Wealth-tax Act, 1957, arguing that the shares were not definite and ascertainable. However, the Commissioner (Appeals) and the Appellate Tribunal concluded that the shares were determinate, leading to the assessment under sub-section (1) of section 21. The court emphasized that the determination of whether sub-section (1) or sub-section (4) applies depends on whether the beneficiaries and their shares are known and determinate on the relevant valuation date. The Supreme Court's decision in CWT v. Trustees of H. E. H. Nizam's Family (Remainder Wealth) Trust was cited, which clarified that if the shares are determinate on the valuation date, sub-section (1) applies, even if future events could change the beneficiaries. Applying these principles, the court found that the trust deed explicitly stated that the properties would be divided equally among the three grandchildren upon the trust's expiration. Therefore, the shares of the beneficiaries were definite and ascertainable, necessitating the assessment under sub-section (1) of section 21. 2. Family Members Residing Free of Rent: The second issue was whether the family members residing in the properties free of rent were beneficiaries of the trust. Clause 8 of the trust deed allowed family members to continue residing in certain properties without paying rent. The Revenue argued that this provision made these family members beneficiaries, rendering the shares indeterminate and attracting sub-section (4). The court disagreed, stating that the provision for free residence was merely a direction for the administration of the trust and did not confer beneficiary status on the family members. The court emphasized that the trust deed's clause 5 clearly identified only the three grandchildren as beneficiaries, and their shares were equal. Thus, the family members residing rent-free were not beneficiaries, and their residence did not affect the determinacy of the beneficiaries' shares. Additional Considerations: The court also addressed the Revenue's argument based on Explanation 1 added to sub-section (4) with effect from April 1, 1980, which deemed shares indeterminate unless expressly stated in the trust instrument. The court found that clause 5 of the trust deed, which specified equal shares for the beneficiaries, satisfied the requirement of determinacy. Furthermore, the court dismissed the Revenue's plea regarding the valuation of six cents of land in Vazhuthacaud, which the Tribunal had reduced. The court found no arbitrariness or lack of material in the Tribunal's decision. Conclusion: The court dismissed the original petitions, affirming that the shares of the beneficiaries were definite and ascertainable and that the family members residing rent-free were not beneficiaries. The reference was answered in favor of the assessee and against the Revenue.
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