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Interpretation of section 22 of the Wealth-tax Act, 1957 regarding the liability to file wealth-tax returns for non-resident individuals and the role of agents in such cases. Analysis: The judgment pertains to three separate assessees and eight assessment years but was heard together due to identical questions referred to the court. The assessees were non-citizens of India who received income in India through Dilawar Syndicate (P) Ltd. The Wealth-tax Officer imposed penalties for late submission of returns, leading to appeals by the assessees. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner upheld the penalties, stating that Dilawar Syndicate (P) Ltd. was the statutory agent of the assessees and had the obligation to file returns. However, the Tribunal disagreed, emphasizing the necessity of notices under section 22(2) to treat Dilawar Syndicate (P) Ltd. as the agent of the assessees and annulled the penalties. The Revenue challenged the Tribunal's decision, raising three questions for the court's opinion. The court analyzed the facts, emphasizing that Dilawar Syndicate (P) Ltd. voluntarily filed returns and represented the assessees during proceedings. Section 22(1) allows tax recovery from an agent of a non-resident taxpayer, deeming the agent as the taxpayer. Section 22(2) specifies conditions for treating a person as an agent, including issuing a notice. The court held that as Dilawar Syndicate (P) Ltd. acted as agent without notice, the Assessing Officer was not required to issue notices under section 22(2), as the cases fell under section 22(1). Citing a Bombay High Court case, the court ruled that voluntary filing of returns admitted the agency status, making further notices unnecessary for penalty imposition. Consequently, the court answered all three questions in favor of the Revenue, rejecting the appeals against the penalties. It directed the Tribunal to assign separate references for each assessment year, as each case involved multiple appeals and references. The judgment clarified the application of sections 22(1) and 22(2) in determining the liability of agents for non-resident taxpayers' wealth-tax returns, emphasizing the significance of voluntary actions in establishing agency status without the need for additional notices.
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