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Interpretation of provisions of section 104 of the Income-tax Act regarding the applicability of the section to the case. Analysis: The case involved a question of law arising from the order of the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal regarding the applicability of section 104 of the Income-tax Act for the assessment year 1973-74. The primary issue was whether the provisions of section 104 were justified in the given circumstances. The assessee had not declared any dividends, leading to a show-cause notice from the Income-tax Officer regarding the application of section 104. The contention was that the majority of shares were held by a company in which the public was substantially interested. The key consideration was whether the company met the conditions under section 2(18) to be classified as a company in which the public is substantially interested. The Income-tax Officer analyzed the shareholding structure and concluded that the shares were not held unconditionally and beneficially, indicating a lack of free transferability. The officer also noted the absence of dividend declarations despite profits, suggesting concerted action by shareholders to serve external interests. Provisions in the articles of association further supported the restriction on share transfers. The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) upheld the decision, emphasizing the substantial restriction on shareholders' rights. Upon appeal to the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal, it was observed that the conditions under section 2(18) were met, and there was no evidence of restricted share transferability during the relevant year. The Tribunal also dismissed allegations of concerted action by the shareholders. The Tribunal's findings were based on facts and not challenged as perverse, aligning with the interpretation of relevant legal provisions. In light of precedents like Shree Krishna Agency Ltd. v. CIT, which emphasized reasonable exercise of directorial powers in share transfers, the Tribunal's decision was deemed justified. The Tribunal correctly applied the provisions of section 2(18) and concluded that section 104 was not applicable to the case. The judgment favored the assessee, ruling against the Revenue, and no costs were awarded. The decision highlighted the importance of fulfilling statutory conditions and ensuring free transferability of shares in determining the applicability of tax provisions. Overall, the judgment provided a detailed analysis of the legal provisions, factual circumstances, and precedent to support the conclusion that the provisions of section 104 were not attracted in the case, ultimately ruling in favor of the assessee.
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