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Interpretation of Section 10(26) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 regarding exemption for Khasi family's income under the Act. Analysis: The case involved a Khasi family's income for the assessment year 1980-81, which exceeded the taxable limit. The family claimed exemption under Section 10(26) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The Income-tax Officer rejected the claim, treating the family as a "body of individuals" and assessed the income. The Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) upheld the assessment but allowed the exemption under Section 10(26). The Tribunal also upheld the exemption. The issue was whether the exemption applied to a Khasi family as a unit or only to individual members. The key conditions for exemption under Section 10(26) were analyzed, including being a member of a Scheduled Tribe, residing in specified areas, and the nature of the income. The Tribunal referred the question of law to the High Court for opinion. The High Court examined the statutory provisions and the intent behind Section 10(26) to provide protection to Scheduled Tribes from income tax. The Court emphasized that the word "family" should be given its ordinary meaning unless specified otherwise in the statute. It noted that the benefit of exemption was meant for tribal people in specified areas and for income arising in those areas. The Court concluded that the exemption under Section 10(26) should be available even if the income accrued to a Khasi family collectively, as long as all members were Khasis. The Court highlighted that imposing additional conditions would go against the legislative intent of providing relief to Scheduled Tribes from income tax burdens. Ultimately, the High Court answered the question in favor of the assessee, stating that the exemption under Section 10(26) applied to a Khasi family as a collective unit. The judgment clarified that the benefit of exemption should not be restricted based on the collective nature of the income earned by the family members. The decision was made considering the legislative intent and the specific conditions outlined in Section 10(26) for granting exemptions to Scheduled Tribes. The judgment was delivered jointly by Justice D. N. Baruah and Dr. B. P. Saraf, concurring on the interpretation of the law and the entitlement of the Khasi family to the exemption under the Income-tax Act, 1961.
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