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Interpretation of provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961 regarding deduction of unrealized rent under rule 4 in a case where a civil suit for recovery of rent is pending. Analysis: The case involved a dispute regarding the deduction of unrealized rent amounting to Rs. 30,000 claimed by the assessee from its tenant, Gem Enterprises, for the assessment year 1978-79. The Income-tax Officer and the Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) held that the rent was not proven to be lost and irrecoverable as a civil suit for recovery was still pending. However, the Appellate Tribunal allowed the deduction based on the premise that the irrecoverability of rent would be known in subsequent years, relying on the decision in CIT v. Madho Prasad Jatia [1976] 105 ITR 179. The Tribunal concluded that the conditions under rule 4 were satisfied, allowing the deduction of Rs. 10,000 for the assessment year 1978-79 and the unrealized rent of Rs. 30,000 for the subsequent assessment year 1979-80. The relevant provision in question was section 24(1)(x) of the Income-tax Act, 1961, read with rule 4 of the Income-tax Rules. Rule 4 outlines the conditions for allowing a deduction for unrealized rent, emphasizing that the rent must be proven to be lost and irrecoverable. The rule requires the assessee to establish the irrecoverability of the rent, especially when a civil suit is pending, as the mere filing of a suit does not automatically render the rent irrecoverable. The rule aims to ensure that the deduction is only permitted when the rent is genuinely incapable of realization. The court highlighted that the basis for assessing income from house property is the annual value as per section 22 read with section 23 of the Act. Section 23(1)(b) specifies that the annual value for leased property is the annual rent received or receivable by the owner. Therefore, even if the rent is receivable but not yet received, it forms the basis for taxation. To claim a deduction under section 24(1)(x) and rule 4, it is crucial to demonstrate the actual irrecoverability of the rent, not just the delay in payment. The court emphasized that the Supreme Court decision in Madho Prasad Jatia's case did not support a blanket allowance of unrealized rent deductions in subsequent years without proving irrecoverability. In this case, the court found that there was no evidence of irrecoverability as the civil suit was still pending, and the assessee had not shown that the tenant was incapable of satisfying the decree. The court disagreed with the Appellate Tribunal's decision and held that the deduction of unrealized rent was not warranted in the absence of proof of irrecoverability. Therefore, the question was answered in the negative and against the assessee, emphasizing the importance of proving actual irrecoverability for claiming such deductions. This judgment clarifies the stringent requirements under rule 4 for allowing deductions of unrealized rent under section 24(1)(x) of the Income-tax Act, ensuring that such deductions are only granted when the rent is genuinely lost and irrecoverable, not merely delayed or subject to pending legal proceedings.
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