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Issues:
1. Interpretation of tax liability under the Assam Taxation Act, 1954 following its declaration as void by the Supreme Court. 2. Entitlement of the assessee to claim deduction for the tax liability under the said Act in the assessment year 1976-77. Analysis: The case involved a non-resident company following the mercantile method of accounting, claiming deduction for a tax liability of Rs. 4,33,982.09 under the Assam Taxation Act, 1954 for the assessment year 1976-77. The tax demand was raised in 1958, but the Act was declared void by the Supreme Court in 1960. Subsequently, the Assam Taxation Act, 1961 was enacted with retrospective effect. The assessee challenged the assessments made under the 1954 Act, but the Commissioner upheld them in 1975. The Income-tax Officer and the Appellate Authorities rejected the deduction claim due to the absence of provision in the accounts for 1975. The High Court analyzed the legal principles regarding the admissibility of deductions under the Income-tax Act, citing the decision in Kedarnath Jute Mfg. Co. Ltd. v. CIT. The Court emphasized that the admissibility of a deduction does not hinge on the presence of a provision in the accounts, but on the statutory provisions. It noted that all assessments under the void 1954 Act became void ab initio, and the only valid order fixing the liability was passed in 1975, making the deduction admissible for the assessment year 1976-77. Referring to a similar case, the Court highlighted that a statutory liability becomes enforceable in the year it is demanded, even if it pertains to earlier periods. Applying this principle, the Court concluded that the proper year for deduction of the tax liability was the assessment year 1976-77 when the liability became enforceable after the revision petitions were rejected. The Court held in favor of the assessee, answering both issues negatively against the Revenue. The judgment emphasized the legal principles governing deductions under the Income-tax Act and the enforceability of statutory liabilities in determining the admissibility of deductions. The decision underscored the importance of the year in which a liability becomes enforceable rather than when it accrues for claiming deductions under the mercantile system of accounting.
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