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Issues:
1. Interpretation of provisions of section 10 of the Estate Duty Act regarding inclusion of gifted properties in the estate of the deceased. 2. Application of section 46 of the Estate Duty Act for abatement of debts payable by the deceased to the donees. Detailed Analysis: 1. Interpretation of Section 10 of the Estate Duty Act: The case involved a deceased individual who had made gifts and settlements in favor of family members. The issue was whether the income from the gifted properties, managed by the deceased but credited to the donees, should be included in the estate of the deceased for estate duty assessment. The Assistant Controller initially included the value of settled properties in the estate, citing that the deceased had not been entirely excluded from the possession and enjoyment of the property. However, the Appellate Controller and subsequently the Tribunal found that the deceased acted as an agent for the donees without deriving any benefit from the gifts. The Tribunal emphasized that the deceased did not reserve any rights under the settlements and confirmed that the provisions of section 10 were not applicable. The High Court, based on precedent and the circumstances of the case, agreed with the Tribunal's findings, stating that the deceased did not enjoy the gifted properties and the gifts were absolute. Therefore, the first question was answered in favor of the accountable person. 2. Application of Section 46 of the Estate Duty Act: Regarding the invocation of section 46 for abatement of debts payable by the deceased to the donees, the Tribunal found that the deceased had not derived any benefit from the income or corpus of the gifted properties. The Tribunal held that the debts arose due to the circumstances of the son-in-law being posted away from the properties, and there was no nexus between the original disposition and the debts. The High Court analyzed the provisions of section 44 of the Act, emphasizing that for section 46 to be invoked, there must first be an allowance permissible under section 44(a). The court clarified that the debts in this case did not meet the criteria of section 44(a) as they were not incurred for the deceased's own use and benefit. Therefore, the High Court agreed with the Tribunal that section 46 could not be applied by the Revenue. Consequently, the second question was answered in favor of the accountable person. In conclusion, the High Court answered both questions in favor of the accountable person, emphasizing that the deceased did not enjoy the gifted properties and that the debts payable did not meet the criteria for abatement under section 46. The Revenue was directed to pay the costs of the reference.
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