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Challenge to the reopening of income-tax assessments under section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 without providing reasons. Analysis: The judgment pertains to three petitions challenging the reopening of income-tax assessments for the years 1970-71, 1971-72, and 1972-73 under section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The notices for reopening were issued without stating the reasons for such action. Despite requests by the petitioner for reasons, none were provided. The petitioner eventually filed returns and initiated these petitions. An affidavit in reply by the Department highlighted various statements submitted by the petitioner, emphasizing the lack of specific details regarding imported polyester filament yarn in the yarn purchase records. The Department failed to file a further affidavit in response to the petition. The petitioner contended that the reopening of assessments did not comply with the requirements of section 147(a) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. Citing the Supreme Court judgment in ITO v. Lakhmani Mewal Das, it was argued that for a valid reopening, the assessing officer must have reasons to believe that income has escaped assessment due to the assessee's failure to disclose material facts. The duty of the assessee is to provide true and full disclosure of primary facts during the original assessment, and the assessing officer must base the belief of non-disclosure on reasonable grounds. The sufficiency of grounds for belief is not a justiciable issue, but the belief itself can be challenged by the assessee. In contrast, the Department relied on the judgment of the Calcutta High Court in Nanji & Co. v. ITO, where reassessment proceedings were upheld based on the belief that certain transactions were fictitious and income had escaped assessment. However, in the present case, the court found that all primary facts necessary for assessment had been disclosed by the petitioner. The alleged non-disclosure of specific details regarding imported yarn was not considered a material fact for the assessments. The court concluded that the requirements of section 147(a) were not satisfied before the assessments were sought to be reopened, leading to the quashing of the notices under section 148 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. In the final ruling, the petitions were allowed, and the notices for reopening assessments were quashed. The respondents were directed to pay the petitioners' costs.
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