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Issues Involved:
1. Applicability of Section 46(1)(b) of the Estate Duty Act, 1953. 2. Applicability of Section 46(2) of the Estate Duty Act, 1953. Analysis: 1. Applicability of Section 46(1)(b) of the Estate Duty Act, 1953: The core issue was whether the debt of Rs. 30,000 owed by the deceased to his son should be abated under Section 46(1)(b) of the Estate Duty Act, 1953. The facts revealed that the deceased had gifted a vacant site to his son in 1963, which was later sold back to the deceased after the son constructed a building on it. The deceased took loans from his son in 1969 and 1970, amounting to Rs. 80,000, of which Rs. 50,000 was repaid before his death. The Assistant Controller of Estate Duty disallowed the debt under Section 46(1)(b), arguing that the property gifted by the deceased to his son should be considered part of the resources from which the son lent money to the deceased. However, the Appellate Controller and the Tribunal found no nexus between the gift and the subsequent loans, determining that the gift was made to enable the son to construct a house, and the loans were for the deceased's investments elsewhere. The Tribunal held that Section 46(1)(b) did not apply, as there was no direct or indirect connection between the gifted property and the loans. The Tribunal's conclusion was that the debt could not be abated under Section 46(1)(b) because the property gifted did not facilitate or enable the loans. 2. Applicability of Section 46(2) of the Estate Duty Act, 1953: Following the disallowance under Section 46(1)(b), the Assistant Controller also invoked Section 46(2) to include the Rs. 50,000 repaid by the deceased within two years before his death in the dutiable estate. The Tribunal, however, found that since Section 46(1)(b) was not applicable, the repayment could not be brought under charge according to Section 46(2). Legal Reasoning: The court examined the legislative intent and the statutory provisions, particularly the proviso to Section 46(1)(b) and its reference to Section 16(1). It was noted that the proviso mitigates the abatement rule by excluding properties not intended to facilitate, enable, or recoup the loan. The court emphasized that the proviso should not be seen merely as a rule of evidence but as an integral part of the statutory scheme. In interpreting Section 46(1)(b), the court referred to previous judgments, including A. Kandaswami Pillai v. CED and Mrs. Ratnakumari Kumbhat v. CED, to elucidate the legislative policy against tax evasion and the need for a direct or indirect nexus between the gift and the debt. The court concluded that the properties gifted by the deceased to his son did not facilitate or enable the loans, nor were they intended for recoupment. Therefore, the debt could not be abated under Section 46(1)(b), and consequently, the repayment could not be included in the dutiable estate under Section 46(2). Conclusion: The court affirmed the Tribunal's decision, holding that Section 46(1)(b) and Section 46(2) did not apply to the facts of the case. The debt of Rs. 30,000 was allowed as a deduction, and the repayment of Rs. 50,000 was not included in the dutiable estate. The accountable persons were awarded costs of Rs. 500.
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