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Issues:
1. Interpretation of settlement deed and determination of deceased's interest in property. 2. Application of Section 7 of the Estate Duty Act, 1953. 3. Evaluation of benefit accruing from the cesser of interest under Section 40. 4. Contingent interest and vesting principles. 5. Measurement of benefit under Section 40 for levy of estate duty. Analysis: The judgment pertains to a reference under Section 64(1) of the Estate Duty Act, 1953, regarding the deceased's interest in a property under a settlement deed executed by his wife. The deceased executed a will and the wife executed a settlement deed transferring a house in Bangalore to trustees. The settlement deed outlined conditions for possession, letting out, and ultimate ownership of the property based on survival scenarios. The Appellate Tribunal concluded the deceased had only a contingent interest, not an absolute one, as his interest was subject to his survival of his wife. The Tribunal directed the deletion of the property value from the estate duty assessment. The court analyzed the provisions of Section 7 of the Act, which deem property passing on death if the deceased had an interest in it. The court highlighted the conditions required for Section 7 to apply, emphasizing the need for a benefit to accrue or arise from the cesser of the deceased's interest. It also referenced Section 40, which determines the valuation of such benefit based on the extent of the interest in the property. The judgment delved into the interpretation of clauses in the settlement deed to ascertain the deceased's interest. It noted that the deceased's interest was contingent, as it depended on his survival of his wife. Citing legal principles from the Indian Succession Act, the court emphasized that a contingent interest does not vest until the specified event occurs. Therefore, the deceased did not have an interest that ceased on his death, precluding the application of Section 7. Furthermore, the court discussed the inability to measure the benefit accruing from the deceased's interest due to the nature of the settlement deed. Quoting precedents, the court highlighted that if the interest did not extend to income from the property, valuation becomes challenging. As the interest was not capable of valuation as per Section 40, the court determined that no duty could be levied under Section 7. In conclusion, the court answered the reference question in the negative, ruling against the revenue. The accountable person was awarded costs, including counsel fees. The judgment provides a detailed analysis of the deceased's interest, the application of relevant statutory provisions, and the principles governing the levy of estate duty in such cases.
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