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Issues:
1. Admissibility of expenditure incurred under the early plantation scheme for a co-operative society engaged in sugar and molasses manufacturing during the assessment year. 2. Determination of the appropriate assessment year for claiming the deduction of the expenditure. 3. Interpretation of the agreement clauses related to the early plantation scheme and obligations of the cultivators. Analysis: The judgment by the High Court of Orissa involved a case where a co-operative society engaged in sugar and molasses manufacturing claimed a deduction for the expenditure incurred under an early plantation scheme during the assessment year 1970-71. The scheme aimed to encourage early sugarcane cultivation by offering incentives to cultivators. The society incurred a substantial amount under this scheme, which was claimed as a deduction in the relevant assessment year. The Income-tax Officer initially disallowed the claim, leading to a series of appeals and cross-objections. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner allowed a partial deduction, while disallowing the balance claim on the grounds that it did not pertain to the year under consideration. The Tribunal affirmed that the expenditure was of revenue character but held it was not admissible in the year being assessed. The primary issue was whether the claimed expenditure was admissible in the assessment year, considering the nature of the scheme and the timing of the payments made to cultivators. The High Court analyzed the agreement clauses related to the scheme, emphasizing the obligations of the cultivators and the conditions for receiving the incentives. The Court noted that the performance under the scheme could only be evaluated after the supply had been completed, making it appropriate to consider the expenditure in the assessment year rather than the preceding year. The Court concluded that the claimed expenditure, found to be of revenue character, was admissible in the assessment year, supporting the society's position. In the final judgment, the High Court ruled in favor of the assessee, stating that the expenditure incurred under the early plantation scheme, which was determined to be of revenue nature, was admissible in the assessment year 1970-71. The Court awarded costs to the assessee and assessed the hearing fee. Both judges, R. N. Mishra and K. B. Panda, concurred with the decision, providing a comprehensive analysis of the case and the relevant legal principles involved.
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