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Issues:
1. Interpretation of section 256(2) of the Income-tax Act for mandamus requirement. 2. Assessment of penalty based on the difference between assessed and returned income. 3. Disallowance of deduction for terminal loss. 4. Application of section 271(1)(c) for penalty imposition. 5. Refusal of Tribunal to refer a question of law. Analysis: 1. The judgment deals with a petition filed under section 256(2) of the Income-tax Act, seeking a mandamus to compel the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal to refer a specific question regarding the correctness of sustaining a penalty. The Tribunal had earlier reduced the penalty imposed on the assessee, prompting the petition for reference. 2. The case involved the assessment of a partnership firm engaged in construction work, where discrepancies arose between the income assessed and the income returned by the assessee. The Income-tax Officer disallowed a deduction for terminal loss, resulting in a penalty being levied on the assessee. The Tribunal, upon appeal, reduced the penalty after considering various adjustments and discrepancies in the income figures. 3. The disallowance of the deduction for terminal loss was a crucial factor in determining the assessed income for the relevant assessment year. The Tribunal considered the timing of the loss occurrence and the impact on the overall income calculation, leading to adjustments and eventual imposition of a penalty. 4. The application of section 271(1)(c) was central to the penalty imposition, as it required a determination of whether there was gross neglect, fraud, or willful misconduct on the part of the assessee in reporting income. The Tribunal analyzed the circumstances, including the failure to disclose certain details in the accounts, to establish the applicability of the penalty provision. 5. The Tribunal's refusal to refer a question of law to the High Court was challenged through the petition, which contended that the Tribunal had erred in not considering the legal implications of the penalty imposition. The High Court, after reviewing the Tribunal's order and relevant precedents, dismissed the petition, emphasizing that no substantial question of law arose from the Tribunal's decision. In conclusion, the judgment provides a detailed analysis of the penalty imposition process, considering factors such as income assessment, deductions, and compliance with tax laws. The interpretation of legal provisions and the application of penalty provisions under the Income-tax Act were key aspects addressed in the judgment, highlighting the importance of factual considerations in penalty determinations.
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