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Issues Involved:
1. Deduction under section 35(2)(ia) of the Income Tax Act. 2. Classification of the assessee's activities as "Business" or "Profession." 3. Validity of scientific research claim by the assessee. 4. Requirement of approval from the prescribed authority under section 35(3). Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Deduction under section 35(2)(ia): The primary issue is whether the assessee is entitled to a deduction of Rs. 28,46,808 under section 35(2)(ia) of the Income Tax Act. The Assessing Officer disallowed this deduction, arguing that the activities carried on by the assessee were professional rather than business activities, and thus did not qualify for the deduction. The assessee, a Private Limited Company operating a Nursing Home, claimed the deduction for machinery used in scientific research, specifically an Excimer Laser Machine. The CIT(A) allowed the deduction, concluding that the assessee's activities were indeed business-related and that the scientific research conducted facilitated an extension of the assessee's business. 2. Classification of Activities as "Business" or "Profession": The Assessing Officer classified the assessee's activities as "Profession" rather than "Business," thereby disqualifying the deduction under section 35. The CIT(A) and the Tribunal, however, held that the assessee, being a Private Limited Company, could not carry out a profession by itself. The activities of running a Nursing Home were considered business activities. The Tribunal cited various case laws, including Dr. P. Vadamalayan v. CIT and CIT v. Dr. V.K. Ramachandran, to support the argument that professional activities conducted on commercial lines can be considered business activities. The Tribunal concluded that the assessee's activities were related to business, not profession. 3. Validity of Scientific Research Claim: The Assessing Officer argued that the assessee's activities did not constitute scientific research but were merely data collection and statistical records. The CIT(A) and the Tribunal disagreed, stating that the experiments conducted on patients using the Excimer Laser Machine added to the knowledge in the field of reducing high refractive error. The Tribunal noted that the definition of "Scientific research" under section 43(4)(i) includes activities for the extension of knowledge in natural or applied science. The Tribunal found that the assessee's activities met this definition, as the research facilitated an extension of its business and improved techniques for treating eye conditions. 4. Requirement of Approval from Prescribed Authority: The department contended that the assessee needed approval from the prescribed authority under section 35(3) to claim the deduction. The assessee argued that such approval was not required for deductions under section 35(1)(iv), which pertains to capital expenditure on scientific research related to the business. The Tribunal agreed with the assessee, citing case laws such as CIT v. Sandoz (India) Ltd. and CIT v. Sundaram Fasteners Ltd., which support the view that approval is not necessary for deductions under section 35(1)(iv). Conclusion: The Tribunal upheld the CIT(A)'s decision allowing the deduction under section 35(2)(ia), concluding that the assessee's activities were business-related and constituted valid scientific research. The appeal by the department was dismissed, affirming that the assessee met the criteria for the deduction and did not require approval from the prescribed authority under section 35(3).
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