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Assessment of interest on advances made to parties without charging interest in profit and loss account for the assessment year 1983-84. Detailed Analysis: 1. Background: The appeal pertains to the assessment year 1983-84 where the assessee company had made advances to eight parties without charging interest, totaling Rs. 16,15,531, which was not reflected in the profit and loss account. The Income-tax Officer added accrued interest of Rs. 2,41,955 to the total income of the assessee, leading to the appeal before the Commissioner of Income-tax (Appeals) and subsequently to the Appellate Tribunal. 2. Waiver of Interest: The assessee claimed that a resolution by the Board of Directors dated 19-2-1981 waived interest on these advances, as the principal amounts were deemed doubtful of recovery. The representative argued that the resolution was produced before the Income-tax Officer for the assessment year 1983-84, distinguishing it from the previous year's assessment. The Tribunal acknowledged the resolution's existence and concluded that the interest was waived before accruing, supported by evidence of financial difficulties faced by the debtor parties. 3. Tribunal's Decision: The Tribunal found that the resolution to waive interest was made based on business considerations, with evidence showing financial distress of the debtor parties. The Tribunal emphasized that as no interest or principal had been recovered till the hearing in January 1988, the interest could not be deemed accrued. Citing the Supreme Court decision in CIT v. Birla Gwalior (P.) Ltd., the Tribunal held that a waiver of interest before the accounting year precludes interest accrual even under the mercantile system of accounting. 4. Treatment of Bad Debts: The assessee also sought to claim bad debts for the advances, but since the write-off occurred in 1986, the claim was rejected. The Tribunal distinguished the case from Sarangpur Cotton Mfg. Co. Ltd. v. CIT, confirming the rejection of the bad debt claim. 5. Conclusion: The Tribunal directed the deletion of the added interest amount of Rs. 2,41,955, partially allowing the appeal in favor of the assessee. The decision highlighted the importance of the resolution to waive interest before the accounting year and rejected the Income-tax Officer's inclusion of interest in the total income. This detailed analysis outlines the key arguments, evidence, and legal principles considered by the Appellate Tribunal in reaching its decision regarding the assessment of interest on advances made by the assessee company.
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