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Issues:
1. Taxability of transfer fee received by a cooperative housing society for charitable activities. 2. Applicability of the principle of mutuality to the income received. Detailed Analysis: 1. The judgment pertains to two appeals by a cooperative housing society regarding the assessment years 1978-79 and 1979-80, addressing the tax treatment of transfer fees received. The society, registered under the Punjab Cooperative Societies Act, had shown nil income in both years but received transfer fees from members. The Assessing Officer treated the transfer fee as taxable income, as the society was not registered under section 12A of the Income-tax Act and was deemed not wholly for charitable purposes. The society argued that the transfer fee was received for charitable activities like running a school and community center, and was utilized solely for the benefit of members. 2. The society maintained separate accounts for its activities and argued that the transfer fee was specifically shown under the head to which members donated money. The society contended it was a mutual concern providing services for the benefit of its members, not engaging in commercial activities. The Assessing Officer, however, viewed the transfer fee as consideration for land transfers, not voluntary donations. The society's primary objective was deemed to be providing housing, with surplus income distribution among members, leading to a dispute on tax exemption under sections 11 and 12. 3. The society's plea was supported by judicial precedents related to clubs and cooperative societies, emphasizing the principle of mutuality. The society cited cases where entities receiving fees for services provided to members were considered mutual concerns and exempt from tax. The society argued that the transfer fee was utilized for charitable purposes and should be exempt from taxation under the principle of mutuality. 4. The tribunal analyzed the contentions and found no evidence of commercial activities by the society. As the income from the school, reflected in a separate account, was not taxed, the focus remained on the transfer fee. The tribunal noted the specific charitable purpose mentioned for the transfer fee utilization and found no evidence of diversion for other purposes. Citing a relevant precedent, the tribunal held that the society, being a mutual concern, was entitled to exemption under the principle of mutuality, as the transfer fee benefitted the members. 5. Consequently, the tribunal ruled that the income from transfer fees was not taxable based on the principle of mutuality, allowing both appeals in favor of the cooperative housing society. The judgment emphasized the society's mutual nature and the utilization of transfer fees for the benefit of its members, aligning with the principles established in relevant legal precedents.
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