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Issues Involved:
1. Whether the liability of Rs. 4,52,344 created by the assessee on the amount retained from the compensation payable to outgoing shareholders is an enforceable legal liability. 2. Whether the extra payment of 0.80 paise per share to erstwhile shareholders is in the nature of interest and allowable as a business expenditure. Issue-wise Detailed Analysis: 1. Enforceable Legal Liability of Rs. 4,52,344: The assessee, a limited company formerly known as 'Punjab National Bank Ltd.', underwent a name change to 'P. N. B. Finance Limited' following the nationalization of its banking business. Post-nationalization, the company offered to purchase its own shares from shareholders at Rs. 40 per share, retaining Rs. 6.90 per share to cover potential tax liabilities. The retained amount was used in the company's financing business, and the company made a provision of Rs. 4,52,344 for interest on this retained amount. The Commissioner (Appeals) allowed this provision as a deduction, reasoning that the liability was enforceable and the provision was made in accordance with the mercantile system of accounting. The liability was considered a contractual obligation, authorized by the board of directors' resolution and endorsed by the general body of shareholders. The Tribunal upheld this decision, noting that the retained amount was used for business purposes, and the interest was paid wholly and exclusively for business purposes. The Tribunal referenced the judgments in Bombay Steam Navigation Co. and Rohtas Industries Ltd. to support the admissibility of the interest deduction under section 37 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The Tribunal concluded that the sum of Rs. 4,52,344 should be allowed as a revenue expenditure. 2. Nature of Extra Payment of 0.80 Paise per Share: The company decided to pay an additional 0.80 paise per share to erstwhile shareholders due to delays in finalizing the scheme for share purchase. This payment was initially treated as interest and tax was deducted at source under section 194A of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The Commissioner (Appeals) allowed the deduction of Rs. 9,58,969, considering it a business expenditure incurred due to the delay in payment to shareholders. However, the Tribunal disagreed with this characterization. It noted that the payment of 0.80 paise per share was not interest but rather compensation for the delay and non-payment of dividends for the year 1973. The Tribunal referenced the Law of Income-tax in India by V. S. Sundaram, which distinguishes interest as the price for the use of money from compensation payments. The Tribunal concluded that this payment could not be allowed under section 36(1)(iii) or section 37, as it was not made wholly and exclusively for business purposes. It was either part of the purchase price of the shares or compensation for non-payment of dividends. The Tribunal vacated the Commissioner (Appeals)'s order regarding the deduction of Rs. 9,58,969 and restored the ITO's disallowance, concluding that the payment was not a revenue expenditure incurred for business purposes. Conclusion: The Tribunal upheld the allowance of Rs. 4,52,344 as a revenue expenditure but disallowed the deduction of Rs. 9,58,969, considering it as compensation rather than interest. The appeal was partly allowed, affirming the enforceable liability of the retained amount but rejecting the characterization of the extra payment as interest.
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