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Assessment of deduction under section 80C for Life Insurance Premium and National Savings Certificates payments based on income accrual timing. Analysis: The case involved an appeal by the assessee against the denial of deduction under section 80C for payments made towards Life Insurance Premium (LIP) and National Savings Certificates (NSCs) for the assessment year 1986-87. The Income Tax Officer (ITO) had disallowed the deduction on the grounds that the income accrued only on the last day of the accounting year, and the payments for LIP and NSCs were made earlier, thus not out of the assessee's income chargeable to tax. The ITO relied on a Supreme Court judgment in CIT v. Ashokbhai Chimanbhai [1965] 56 ITR 42 (SC) to support this decision. Upon appeal, the Appellate Assistant Commissioner (AAC) recognized that the assessee derived income from various sources, including dividends, interest on government securities, and fixed deposits, totaling Rs. 7,144. The AAC held that payments for LIP and NSCs to this extent were indeed out of income chargeable to tax, thereby allowing the deduction under section 80C. The Tribunal analyzed the applicability of the Ashokbhai Chimanbhai case cited by the ITO and emphasized that the Supreme Court's judgment did not imply that income is not earned day-to-day by a businessman. The Tribunal highlighted that income accrual for tax purposes differs from determining if payments were made from income chargeable to tax under section 80C. The Tribunal noted that the ITO failed to demonstrate that the payments for LIP and NSCs could not have been made from the income of the relevant accounting period and were instead made from capital. Furthermore, the Tribunal pointed out that the concept of paying advance tax during the accounting period itself reflects the general understanding that income is earned day-to-day. Applying the ITO's interpretation would lead to absurd outcomes, such as disallowing deductions under section 80C for businessmen until the end of the accounting period, hindering legitimate tax benefits. The Tribunal concluded that the assessee was entitled to the deduction under section 80C for the full amounts paid towards LIP and NSCs, directing the ITO to grant the deduction accordingly.
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