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Issues:
1. Rejection of refund claim on the ground of time bar under Section 27(1) of the Customs Act, 1962. Analysis: The appellants filed a bill of entry for clearing 6 stainless steel coils but mistakenly entered the value of 12 coils cleared earlier. The Customs Officer assessed duty based on the declared value, and the duty was paid on 11-7-1978. Two years later, the mistake was discovered, and a refund claim was made on 8-9-1980, beyond the six-month time limit prescribed by Section 27(1). The Assistant Collector rejected the claim, upheld by the Collector (Appeals). The appellants sought rectification under Section 154 to correct the clerical error and obtain a refund. The department argued that no clerical error existed in the assessment order, and the error was in the bill of entry, not covered by Section 154. The appellants contended that their claim fell under Section 154, not seeking condonation of delay or application of the Limitation Act. They argued that once a mistake was corrected under Section 154, it ceased to be duty under Section 27. The department disagreed, stating the claim was for refund of import duty under Section 27. The Tribunal noted the distinction from a previous Madras case where a clerical mistake in duty calculation was rectified under Section 154. The Tribunal found the Madras case distinguishable as it involved a different type of error. In this case, the mistake was in the value declared by the appellants, not in the assessment order. The assessing officer's duty to check valuation discrepancies is triggered by suspicion, which did not arise in this ex-bond bill of entry scenario. Even if a rectifiable error existed, refunding the amount would contradict the mandatory bar of Section 27(4), requiring substantive review by higher officers for refunds. Harmonious interpretation of Sections 27 and 154 is crucial to avoid rendering either provision ineffective. Refunds necessitate a review by higher officers, and the assessing officer cannot unilaterally rectify an assessment leading to a refund. The appellants' argument that rectification under Section 154 should result in a refund was deemed unacceptable. As the refund claim was time-barred under Section 27(1), the Tribunal upheld the lower orders and rejected the appeal.
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