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Interpretation of section 35B(1)(b) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 regarding weighted deduction for expenditure incurred by the assessee in India or outside India. Analysis: The case involved a dispute over the entitlement of the assessee to weighted deduction under section 35B(1)(b) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 for expenditure incurred in India or outside India. The Appellate Tribunal allowed the deduction for marine insurance and sea freight but disallowed it for railway freight. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner rejected the claim based on sub-clause (iii) of section 35B(1)(b), which excluded expenditure on railway freight and insurance. However, the Appellate Tribunal held that the expenditure on freight and insurance was admissible under sub-clause (viii) as it was incurred in connection with the execution of contracts outside India. The Tribunal concluded that the expenditure on marine insurance and sea freight qualified for weighted deduction under sub-clause (viii) of section 35B(1)(b) of the Act. The High Court analyzed sub-clause (iii) of section 35B(1)(b) and emphasized three prohibitions related to expenditure incurred in India in connection with distribution outside India, on carriage of goods to their destination outside India, and on insurance of goods while in transit. The court referred to previous judgments to support the interpretation of these prohibitions. The court held that expenditure on carriage and insurance, whether incurred in India or outside India, could not qualify for weighted deduction under sub-clause (iii). Regarding the alternative contention under sub-clause (viii), the court agreed with the assessee's argument that services rendered outside India in connection with the execution of contracts qualified for weighted deduction. The court highlighted that sea freight and marine insurance were services rendered outside India and in connection with the contracts with foreign buyers. The court found that the conditions of sub-clause (viii) were satisfied, allowing for the deduction of expenditure on marine insurance and sea freight. However, the court differentiated the treatment of railway freight, stating that it did not qualify for weighted deduction under sub-clause (viii) as it did not involve services performed outside India. The court emphasized that each sub-clause of section 35B(1)(b) must be interpreted independently, and the exclusion of expenditure under sub-clause (iii) did not automatically apply to sub-clause (viii). The court cited previous judgments to support this interpretation. In conclusion, the High Court upheld the Appellate Tribunal's decision to allow weighted deduction for marine insurance and sea freight under sub-clause (viii) but disagreed regarding railway freight. The court ruled that the assessee was entitled to the deduction for marine insurance and sea freight but not for railway freight based on the provisions of section 35B(1)(b) of the Act.
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