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Assessment of penalty under section 271(1)(c) of the Income Tax Act for the assessment year 1966-67 based on the discrepancy between the returned income and the assessed income. Detailed Analysis: The High Court of Patna was tasked with deciding on the legality of canceling a penalty of Rs. 27,700 imposed on an assessee, a limited company, for the assessment year 1966-67. The assessee initially filed a return showing an income of Rs. 19,407, but the Inspecting Assistant Commissioner of Income-tax determined the income at Rs. 1,60,420, leading to a tax assessment of Rs. 85,474. Subsequently, a penalty under section 271(1)(c) of the Income Tax Act was imposed due to the assessable income being more than twenty-five percent of the returned income. The Income-tax Appellate Tribunal later set aside this penalty, prompting a reference to the High Court at the Department's instance. The Department argued that the Tribunal erred in its reliance on previous decisions and the application of the Explanation to section 271(1)(c) of the Act. The Department contended that the onus was on them to prove that the additions made to the income were concealed amounts and constituted income, even when the Explanation was applicable. The Department further asserted that mens rea needed to be established, and the burden of proof was not discharged by the mere production of books by the assessee. The Explanation to clause (c) of subsection (1) of section 271 of the Act was crucial in this case. It stipulates that if the total income returned is less than eighty percent of the total income assessed, the assessee must prove that the discrepancy did not result from fraud or neglect on their part. The court referenced previous cases like CIT v. Behera and CIT v. Parmanand Advani to establish that the burden of proof shifted to the assessee after the addition of this Explanation in 1964. Consequently, the court ruled in favor of the Department, emphasizing the change in the legal landscape post the Explanation's introduction. In conclusion, the High Court sided with the Department, highlighting the shift in onus on the assessee to prove the absence of fraud or neglect in cases where the returned income significantly differs from the assessed income. As there was no representation from the assessee, no costs were awarded in this matter.
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