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Issues Involved:
1. Jurisdiction of the Court 2. Leave to Combine Causes of Action 3. Infringement of Copyright 4. Infringement of Trade Mark 5. Passing Off 6. Interim Injunction Issue-Wise Analysis: 1. Jurisdiction of the Court The court examined whether it had jurisdiction to entertain the suit. The learned single Judge concluded that the court had jurisdiction based on Section 62(2) of the Copyright Act, which allows a suit to be instituted in a district court where the plaintiff resides or carries on business. The plaintiff carried on business within the jurisdiction of the Madras High Court, making it the appropriate forum for the suit. 2. Leave to Combine Causes of Action The plaintiff sought leave under Clause 14 of the Letters Patent to combine the causes of action for infringement of trade mark, passing off, and infringement of copyright in one suit. The learned single Judge denied this leave, emphasizing that the plaintiff did not provide sufficient details about the ownership of the copyright, particularly who the author was and how the plaintiff claimed ownership. The Judge also considered the balance of convenience, noting that the defendant, being a small trader, would find it difficult to defend the action if dragged to Madras from Raipur. 3. Infringement of Copyright The plaintiff claimed that its copyright in artistic work was infringed by the defendant. The court noted that the plaintiff had a valid copyright claim under Section 62(1) of the Copyright Act, as the plaintiff carried on business within the jurisdiction of the court. The court also discussed the definition of "owner of copyright" under Section 54 of the Copyright Act, clarifying that the plaintiff, as the publisher of the work, could claim ownership in the absence of the author's identity. 4. Infringement of Trade Mark The plaintiff alleged that the defendant's tea packets were deceptively similar to its own, thereby infringing its registered trade marks. The essential features of the plaintiff's trade marks included a unique color combination and specific design elements, which the defendant allegedly copied. However, the court did not delve deeply into this issue, focusing more on the jurisdiction and combination of causes of action. 5. Passing Off The plaintiff also claimed that the defendant was passing off its goods as those of the plaintiff by using a similar label. The court noted the similarities between the plaintiff's and defendant's packaging but did not provide a detailed analysis on this issue, as the primary focus was on the jurisdiction and combination of causes of action. 6. Interim Injunction The plaintiff sought an interim injunction to restrain the defendant from infringing its copyright, trade mark, and from passing off its goods. The learned single Judge denied the interim injunction, stating that prima facie no infringement of copyright was made out. However, the defendant later filed an affidavit stating that it was not using the impugned label and undertook to inform the court and the plaintiff if it decided to use the label in the future. This undertaking was deemed sufficient by the court for the time being. Conclusion: The appeals were allowed, and the suit was permitted to proceed for all the causes of action, including infringement of copyright, trade mark, and passing off. The court emphasized the need to avoid multiplicity of suits and found that the plaintiff's suit was maintainable in the Madras High Court. The defendant's undertaking not to use the impugned label was accepted, and no interim injunction was granted. The court did not impose any costs for the appeals.
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