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Interpretation of section 54 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 regarding exemption for long-term capital gains based on the purchase of a new asset within a specified period. Detailed Analysis: The appeal before the Appellate Tribunal ITAT BOMBAY-A concerned the assessment year 1981-82 and revolved around the sole issue of the CIT(A) confirming the addition of Rs. 2,07,000 as long-term capital gains, while not accepting the appellant's claim for exemption under section 54 of the Act. The appellant, an individual, had entered into an agreement to sell a property and claimed exemption under section 54 by purchasing another flat. The Assessing Officer disallowed the claim, stating that the flat was acquired beyond the prescribed period under section 54. The appellant argued that the flat was not legally or physically acquired in 1974 as claimed by the Assessing Officer, but was occupied within one year of the transfer date. The Departmental Representative supported the Assessing Officer's decision, emphasizing the non-compliance with section 54 conditions. The Tribunal considered the crucial question of whether the new asset was purchased within the stipulated period as per section 54. It analyzed the legal definition of 'purchase' and cited precedents to differentiate between 'ownership' and 'purchase'. The Tribunal interpreted that the legislative intent was for the assessee to invest the sale proceeds within the specified period, not necessarily becoming the legal owner immediately. Emphasizing the payment of purchase consideration as the key, the Tribunal held that the requirement of section 54 was not met in this case as the agreement for the new asset was entered into before the stipulated period. Consequently, the revenue authorities' decision was upheld, and the appeal was dismissed. In conclusion, the Tribunal's detailed analysis focused on the interpretation of section 54 of the Act, emphasizing the timing of purchase in relation to the transfer of the original asset. The decision highlighted the importance of meeting the statutory conditions for claiming exemption on long-term capital gains, particularly regarding the purchase of a new asset within the specified period outlined in the legislation.
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