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Issues:
1. Validity of lease transaction 2. Ownership of the suit land 3. Estoppel by conduct 4. Proper valuation of the suit 5. Collusion between parties 6. Applicability of Benami Transactions Act 7. Possession of the suit land 8. Interpretation of sale deeds 9. Jurisdiction and court fees 10. Relief sought Analysis: The case involved a dispute regarding the validity of a lease transaction dated August 24, 1960, for a 99-year term, which the plaintiff alleged to be a sham transaction to bypass the Punjab Pre-emption Act. The plaintiff contended that the lease was a mere paper transaction, and the lessees had no intention of taking actual possession. The trial court initially ruled in favor of the defendants, finding no collusion or sham transaction. However, the first appellate court reversed this decision, deeming the lease to be fictitious based on documentary and oral evidence. The High Court upheld the appellate court's decision, emphasizing that the finding of a sham transaction was a factual determination beyond review in a second appeal. The court noted the absence of contest by one of the lessees and highlighted the lack of evidence supporting the lease's legitimacy. The court also dismissed the argument of the lease being benami, as it was not substantiated during the proceedings and was not a ground of appeal. Regarding the applicability of the Benami Transactions Act, the court distinguished a mere allegation of benami ownership from the Act's provisions, emphasizing the need for substantial proof to invoke the Act. The court clarified that the Act's prohibition on suits or defenses related to benami transactions did not apply in the absence of concrete evidence in the present case. Additionally, the court addressed the interpretation of sale deeds executed by the plaintiff, which mentioned symbolic possession granted to other parties. The court rejected the argument that these deeds implied possession by the lessees, as there was no evidence supporting such a claim. Ultimately, the court dismissed the appeal, affirming the appellate court's decision on the lease's fictitious nature and rejecting other grounds raised by the appellant. In conclusion, the High Court upheld the judgment declaring the lease transaction as a sham, highlighting the lack of evidence supporting its validity and dismissing arguments related to benami ownership and possession based on insufficient proof. The court emphasized the importance of substantial evidence in establishing legal claims and upheld the lower court's decision in favor of the plaintiff.
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