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Issues Involved:
1. Application of section 40(b) of the Income-tax Act regarding payment of interest to a partner of a firm. 2. Determination of whether interest paid to a partner in a different capacity is an allowable deduction. Summary: Issue 1: Application of section 40(b) of the Income-tax Act regarding payment of interest to a partner of a firm. The Full Bench was constituted to resolve conflicting opinions regarding the application of section 40(b) of the Income-tax Act concerning the payment of interest to a partner of a firm. The conflict arose from two decisions of the court in Jalamchand Mangilal v. CIT and Balchand Hashmatrai & Co. v. CIT. One view held that section 40(b) bars the payment of interest to a partner as an allowable deduction, irrespective of the capacity in which the partner joins the firm. The other view allowed the deduction if the interest was paid to a partner in a different capacity. Issue 2: Determination of whether interest paid to a partner in a different capacity is an allowable deduction. The case facts involved a firm, M/s. Narbharam Popatbhai & Sons, which paid interest on the deposit of Shri Prakashchand, a partner in his capacity as a karta of a joint Hindu family. The Income-tax Officer disallowed the deduction u/s 40(b), but the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal allowed it, leading to this reference. Sections 30 to 39 of the Income-tax Act provide for various allowances and deductions, but section 40(b) specifically disallows certain payments to partners, including interest. The court examined the law of partnership, Hindu law, and income-tax law, concluding that a Hindu undivided family can become a partner through its representative, and the income derived by the partner is the income of the family. The Taxation Laws (Amendment) Act, 1984, added Explanations 1 to 3 to section 40(b), clarifying that interest paid to a partner in a representative capacity or on behalf of another person is not disallowed. This amendment confirmed that interest paid to a partner in a different capacity should be deducted in computing the income chargeable. The court cited several cases, including Chhotelal & Co. v. CIT, which held that interest paid to a partner from his individual funds should not be disallowed. The court disagreed with the contrary view taken by other High Courts, affirming that the correct law is that interest paid to a partner in a different capacity is deductible. Conclusion: The court concluded that the Gujarat Full Bench decision in Chhotelal & Co. v. CIT lays down the correct law, supported by the Andhra Pradesh High Court in N. T. R. Estate v. CIT and this court in Balchand Hashmatrai & Co. v. CIT. If a person is a partner in a firm in a representative capacity and lends money individually, the interest paid on such loans is not disallowed u/s 40(b) of the Income-tax Act.
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