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Interpretation of section 40(b) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 regarding the deductibility of interest paid on capital investment by a Hindu undivided family represented by a partner of a firm. Analysis: The judgment pertains to a registered partnership firm with four partners engaged in the cloth business. One of the partners, representing a Hindu undivided family, had interest paid on the capital investment credited to the family account and deducted from the firm's income for two assessment years. The Income-tax Officer added back the interest payments to the firm's income, considering it as interest paid to a partner. On appeal, the Appellate Assistant Commissioner and the Appellate Tribunal held that the interest paid on the family's funds could not be treated as interest paid to the partners under section 40(b) of the Income-tax Act. They noted that the capital account was re-designated as the family account, and a separate account was opened for the partner, where profits were credited before being transferred to the family account. The Tribunal upheld the decision, leading to a reference to the High Court. The High Court analyzed the nature of the joint family's involvement in the partnership. It clarified that while the joint family could not be a partner due to its fluctuating composition, a member like the karta could represent the family as a partner. The Court emphasized that the joint family members, apart from the representing member, do not acquire partnership rights or liabilities. In this case, the capital contributed by the partner was treated as such in previous years, and interest thereon was not deductible under section 40(b). Despite attempts to create separate accounts for the family and the partner, the Court deemed it a strategy to evade the Act's provisions. The Court rejected the contention that the separate accounts were opened mistakenly, emphasizing that the joint family did not independently invest in the firm. It concluded that the interest on the capital investment, originating from the partner, could not be deducted under section 40(b) by merely transferring funds between accounts. The Income-tax Officer's decision to add back the interest to the firm's income was upheld, as the claimed deductions were not permissible under the Act. Consequently, the reference was decided in favor of the department, with the assessee directed to pay costs.
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